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Social > Unit 1- Forces Shaping the Earth's Surface > Flashcards

Unit 1- Forces Shaping the Earth's Surface Flashcards

1
Q

________ is the bending of rock layers due to earth movements from one or two sides.

A

Folding.

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2
Q

T/F

Folds are most visible in rocks that contain layering (sedimentary rocks).

A

True.

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3
Q

A __________ is a type of fold in which all rock layers bend in the same direction.

A

Monocline

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4
Q

If the layers of rock bend upwards, it is called ___________.

A

Anticline

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5
Q

If the layers of the rock bend downwards, it is called ___________.

A

Syncline

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6
Q

Define:

Fold Mountains

A

Mountains formed by crust which has been uplifted and folded by compressional forces.

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7
Q

Andes-

A

South America

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8
Q

Rockies-

A

North America

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9
Q

Alps-

A

Europe

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10
Q

Himalayas-

A

Asia

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11
Q

Atlas-

A

North Africa

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12
Q

Cape Ranges-

A

South Africa

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13
Q

Australian Alps-

A

Australia

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14
Q

Tension Force- __________, compression force- __________.

A

Normal Fault, reverse fault.

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15
Q

East African Rift Valley extends _____ km from ______ to __________. It also covers ______ km in Africa.

A

7200, Syria to Mozambique, 5600.

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16
Q

T/F

Block mountains are found closer to fold mountains in many parts of the world.

A

True

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17
Q

Volcano
Single hole-
Several cracks-

A

Vent
Fissures

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18
Q

When a hole is formed at the top of a volcano, it is called ________.

A

Crater

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19
Q

If the crater or hole is very wide, it is called

A

Caldera

20
Q

Lake formed in caldera is called

A

Crater lake

21
Q

_ landforms form on the surface of the earth.

A

Extrusive

22
Q

List extrusive landforms.

A

Volcano, Crater, caldera, lava.

23
Q

-landforms result from solidified magma before reaching the earth’s surface.

A

Intrusive

24
Q

List intrusive landforms.

A

Batholith, Laccolith, dyke, sills

25
Q

-very large mass of magma which accumulates in the crust.

A

Batholith

26
Q

-is a mushroom shaped body of intrusive igneous rock.

A

Laccolith

27
Q

-is formed when magma solidifies in a vertical/near vertical crack.

A

Dyke

28
Q

-is a near horizontal intrusion of igneous rock b/n 2 rock layers.

A

Sill

29
Q

Active volcanoes-

A

Have a recent history of eruption; likely to erupt again.

Include Erta’li, Fentale Dubbi and Damailai.

30
Q

Dormant Volcanoes-

A

Not erupted for a long time but they may erupt other future again. Example- Tatali and Dabbahu

31
Q

Advantages of volcanic eruption-

A

1) provides hot water for bathing
2) helps to generate geothermal energy
3) provides fertile soils that is good for farming
4) creates dramatic scenery that can attract tourists
5) forms hard and expensive minerals used as jewelry
6) provides hard rocks for building etc

32
Q

____________– are sudden movements in the earth’s crusts.

A

Earthquakes

33
Q

T/F
Earthquakes are usually associated with faults.

A

True

34
Q

The point at which an earthquake originates is called the __________.

A

Focus

35
Q

The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus is called the_________.

A

Epicentre

36
Q

The intensity of an earthquake is measured by an instrument called a ___________ and is recorded on an______.

A

Seismometer, seismograph

37
Q

Richer Scale
0-5-________
5-7-_________
7-8-_________
8-9-_________

A

Minor or light
Moderate to strong
Major
Great

38
Q

The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the ______________, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent Earthquakes.

A

Circum-Pacific Belt

39
Q

The majority of Earth’s volcanoes____%and earthquakes____% take place along the ring of fire.

A

75, 90

40
Q

Effects of Earthquakes

A
  • Loss of life and destruction of property
  • Displacement of parts of the Earth’s crust vertically or laterally (which means horizontally)
  • Landslides and deep cracks in surface rocks
  • The devastation of cities, fires and diseases
  • The rise or lowering of the sea floor
41
Q

There are two types of external forces _______________and __________.

A

Denudation and Deposition

42
Q

____________ if the lowering of the land by wearing away of the surface of the Earth.

A

Denudation

43
Q

There are two types of denudation. They are _________ and _________.

A

Weathering and Erosion

44
Q

___________ refers to the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles.

A

Weathering

45
Q

There are two types of weathering. They are________ and _________ weathering.

A

Physical and Chemical

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