Unit 1: Genetics and Heredity

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

one or more alternative forms of a gene and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 2

Co-Dominant

Answer 2

A condition in which neither two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. codominant alleles. Paires of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present.

Question 3

Dominant

Answer 3

An allele of a gene is said to dominant when it effectively overrules the other, it will always show or appear physically

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

the genitic makeup of an individual cell or organism that determinds or contributes to its phenotype

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

the sum of all biological process by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parent to their offspring

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

having different alleles for a particular trait (B,b)

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes (B,B)

Question 8

Hybrid

Answer 8

an offspring of parents with different genes especially when of different races, breeds, species, or genera

Example: Mule is a cross between a donkey and a horse

Question 9

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 9

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 10

Chromosome (NOT ON TEST!!!)

Answer 10

Chromosome-a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 11

Pedigree

Answer 11

A table or list showing the line of ancestors of a person used to track genetic traits

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

Phenotype is the observable expression of a genotype- a persons presentation

Question 13

Punnett Square

Answer 13

a square diagram that is composed of a grid of usually four boxes and is used to calculate and depict all the combinations and frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross in accordance with Mendelian inheritance.

Question 14

Purebred

Answer 14

offspring resulting from atrue breeding. True breeding is a way to produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype as the parents.

Question 15

Recessive

Answer 15

a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene

Question 16

Trait

Answer 16

a quality that sets one person or thing off from another