Unit 1: Global Tapestry Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the time period?
1200-1450 BC
What is the main point of this unit?
How major civilizations operated before global connections were fully established
What did Song China use for their government?
A imperial bureaucracy
What is an imperial bureaucracy?
A government system where officials are selected to administer policies.
What is Confucianism?
A philosophy that teaches that human society is hierarchical by nature and that there is a prescribed and proper order to everything.
What is the difference between Neo-Confucianism and Confucianism?
They are nearly the same but Neo-Confucianism sought to rid Buddhism by incorporating Taoism/Daoism and Buddhism into it’s ideals. This made it easier for the entirety of Song China to conform to the governments Neo-Confucianism.
What is filial piety?
The necessity and virtue of children obeying and honoring their parents, grandparents, and deceased ancestors.
What are civil service exams and their effect on Song China?
Civil service exams are tests that must be taken and passed in order to get a job in the imperial bureaucracy. Using these exams meant that bureaucratic jobs were not able to be earned based on nepotism but on the basis of merit.
How did civil service exams affect Song China economically?
First of all, civil service exams were open to men of any socio-economic status but a key part to consider is that a man needed to be rich enough to not work and be able to take time to study. Civil service exams also created an entirely new social class referred to as social gentry. The social gentry class consisted of educated people in Confucian philosophy and became the most influential class.
What is a meritocracy?
A system which appoints positions based on knowledge of Confucian texts in the civil service exam
What is champa rice and how did it affect Song China?
Champa rice comes from the Champa Kingdom in modern day Vietnam. It resisted drought, matured early, and could be harvested multiple times in a year. This lead to a large population boom and a surge economically due to the fact that everyone no longer needed to worry about food.
What is proto-industrialization and how did it contribute economically to Song China?
It is a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods, such as silk and porcelain, than they could sell, relied in home-based or community-based production using simple equipment.
How did the Grand Canal affect Song China?
It was a inexpensive and efficient waterway transportation system which allowed China to become the most populous trading area in the world by helping to unify northern and southern China through trade.
How did woodblock printing affect Song China?
It allowed mass production of texts, spreading knowledge.
What was the place of women in Song China?
Women were regulated to a subordinate position, stripped of legal rights (divorce, not allowed to re-marry after widowing), and endured social restrictions. They were allowed to access a very limited education and all of their items and money belonged to her husband. Elite women were even made to practice foot-binding.
What is Buddhism?
A religion that originated in India that spread all over Asia long before 1200. It is based upon Four Noble Truths..
How do Buddhism and Hinduism connect?
They share a few beliefs such as the cycle of birth, death, then reincarnation, the ultimate goal of dissolving into the oneness with the universe, and the concept of nirvana.
What was an effect of the spread of Buddhism?
Due to the widespread of Buddism, it was adapted and interpreted differently by different regions which lead to new branches.
What were the different branches of Buddhism?
Theravāda Buddhism focused on personal spiritual growth and meditation; dominant in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.
Mahāyāna Buddhism was more accessible form with bodhisattvas; common in China.
Tibetan Buddhism emphasized rituals; dominant in Tibet.
Chan (Zen) Buddhism was the Chinese version combining Daoism and Buddhism; influenced Japan.
What effect did Song China have on the countries around it?
Japan had the Heian period which was the emulation of Chinese traditions by the Japanese. They adopted Chinese writing, Buddhism, and architecture, but retained their own political structure under feudal lords (daimyos).
Vietnam resisted full Chinese control. They maintained nuclear families which is a practice where just a wife, husband, and their children as opposed to large, extensive families which led to decentralization. They practiced polygyny (like China) and preserved their own culture.
Korea was more directly influenced, especially through Confucianism and Buddhism, but maintained its own aristocracy.
What lead to the fragmentation of the Abbasid Empire?
The Abbasid Empire was weakened by internal division and in an attempt to enforce their rule they brought in Seljuk Turk Warriors that eventually over took them. They did not fully sack Abbasid, that was the Mongols.
What shifted in Dar-al-Islam?
The major of rule changed from Arab Muslims to Turkish Muslims.
What new Muslim states arose?
Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt were former slave soldiers who took power.
Seljuk Turks that controlled parts of Persia and the Middle East ruled as sultans.
Delhi Sultanate were Muslim rulers in northern India.
What are advancements that allowed Dar-al-Islam to thrive?
House of Wisdom in Baghdad was a center for translation and science.
Scholars like Nasir al-Din al-Tusi advanced trigonometry and astronomy.
A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah was a rare female poet and mystic who contributed to Islamic literature.
