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Biology > Unit 1 - Health and Nutrition > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Health and Nutrition Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Monosaccharides of carbohydrates

A

glucose
fructose
deoxyribose

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2
Q

Monomers of carbs

A

monosaccharides

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3
Q

Monomers of lipids

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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4
Q

define homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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5
Q

define homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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6
Q

What hormone lowers blood sugar levels

A

insulin

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7
Q

where is insulin produced/released

A

the pancreas

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8
Q

How and where does glucagon affect blood sugar levels

A

turns glycogen into glucose
in the liver

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9
Q

How and where does insulin lower blood sugar levels

A

by turning glucose into glycogen
in the liver

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10
Q

Cellular respiration is

A

the process through which cells convert fuel into energy and nutrients

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11
Q

what is stimulus

A

a change in the external environment

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12
Q

disaccharides of carbohydrates

A

sucrose
maltose
lactose

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13
Q

polysaccharides of carbohydrates

A

cellulose
starch
glycogen

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14
Q

sources of carbs in food

A

good source:
bread, rice, pasta, beans, corn

bad source:
soda, cookies, pastries, cakes, sweet desserts

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15
Q

What are the functions of mono and disaccharides

A

act as an energy source

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16
Q

what are the functions of polysaccharides

A

to store energy

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17
Q

what do we use energy for

A

heat production
active transport (movement of molecules across the cell membranes)
nerve impulse
cell division (growth)
respiration
muscle contraction and movement

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18
Q

equation for aerobic respiration

A

oxygen + glucose = water + carbon dioxide + ATP

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19
Q

equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose = lactic acid + ATP

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20
Q

what is oxygen debt

A

when the body needs to breathe in more oxygen to be able to break down the lactic acid build up in the muscles

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21
Q

where does cell respiration take place

Study These Flashcards
A

in the mitochondria

22
Q

what factors need to be controlled in the body (homeostasis)

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A

blood sugar
temperature
water
pH

23
Q

Diabetes type 1:
- what age does it develop
- what factors cause it
- what is it
- how can it be treated

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A
  • early childhood (can develop later)
  • caused by genetics
  • Not enough insulin is produced
  • insulin shots / extra insulin
24
Q

Diabetes type 2:
- what age does it develop
- what factors cause it
- what is it
- how can it be treated
- why is it becoming more prevalent

Study These Flashcards
A
  • can develop at any age
  • unhealthy diet/lifestyle
  • cells become resistant to insulin
  • eating healthier and getting more exercise
  • less active lifestyles and fast food is more accessible and cheap
25
what is a negative feedback loop
a reaction in a system that leads to a decrease of that reaction/a system that reduces the fluctuations in the output
26
what is epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants (causes and risk factors) of health-related states and events in specified populations.
27
what is correlation
when two things are related but not caused by each other often related to a third factor
28
where is fat stored how much fat can be stored what molecule is "fat"
adipose tissue it is a limitless storage triglyceride
29
what is the name for the following: 1 glycerol + 1 fatty acid 1 glycerol + 2 fatty acid 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid
monoglyceride diglyceride triglyceride
30
what happens to excess macromolecules (carbohydrates)
first any excess is converted from glucose to glycogen and stored in the liver anything not stored in the lover is turned into triglyceride and is stored in adipose tissue
31
what is trans fat what is its shape
fatty acids where the hydrogen bonds are on opposite sides of a double bond it has a straight chain of carbons
32
what is cis fat what is its shape
fatty acids where the hydrogen bonds are on the same side of a double bond it has a kink/bend in a chain of carbons
33
what is saturated fat what is its shape
a chain of fatty acids containing no double bonds it has a straight chain of carbons
34
what is monounsaturated fat what is its shape
a chain of fatty acids containing one double bonds it puts a bend in a straight chain of carbons (angle depends on trans or cis)
35
what is polyunsaturated fat what is its shape
a chain of fatty acids containing multiple double bonds it puts a bend in a straight chain of carbons (angle depends on trans or cis)
36
which fatty acid is the worse in terms of health why
trans fat increases LDL cholesterol and decreases HDL cholesterol (double effect)
37
what fatty acid is the best in terms of health why
polyunsaturated cis fat increases HDL and lowers LDL
38
what does LDL stand for is it bad or good why/what does it do
Low density lipoprotein Bad for your health It carries fats and cholesterol around the body through the bloodstream and can harden/block the arteries.
39
what is cholesterol where is it made
a lipid liver
40
what does HDL stand for is it bad or good why/what does it do
High density lipoprotein Good for your health Removes cell impurities and picks up cholesterol in the body and delivers it back to the liver
41
what is CVD
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the general term used to describe conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.
42
What is CHD
Coronary heart disease is the damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels
43
what increases risk of coronary heart disease
Diet: Diet high in trans and saturated fats (LDL) Lifestyle: High in stress (increases blood pressure), low exercise, smoking Genetics: diabetes, male, heritage
44
Why are trans fats more prevalent
Unsaturated fats don't last for a long time so through a process called hydrogenation they are turned into saturated fats. When they are hydrogenated, sometimes the process is incomplete and creates trans unsaturated fats as a byproduct. They are technically cheaper to leave in food and they make food last longer
45
functions of lipids
- energy storage - buoyancy (water animals) - insulation - cell membrane - waterproofing - protection of organs - steroid hormones
46
what foods are lipids found in
- fatty fishes and meats - seeds - nuts - oils - cheese - butter - chocolate - avocado
47
what foods are trans fats found in
- fried food - processed food - commercial baked goods (cakes, cookies and pies) - microwave popcorn - frozen pizza. - refrigerated dough (biscuits and rolls)
48
what foods are monounsaturated fats found in
- avocados - peanuts - seeds - olive oil
49
what foods are polyunsaturated fats found in
- soybeans - walnuts - sunflower oil - mackerel - salmon
50
what foods are saturated fats found in
- coconut oil - dairy - fatty meats (sausages, bacon, cured meat) - butter - cakes and biscuits - cheese

Biology (5 decks)

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