Unit 1: Histology

Question 1

Epithelial tissue

Answer 1

Lines exterior surfaces of the body , internal cavities and passageways

Forms protective barriers and forms glands

Question 2

Connective tissue and the types

Answer 2

Binds organs of the body together and protects, supports integration of body parts

dense, cartilage, bone and liquid (blood/lymph)

Question 3

muscle tissue

Answer 3

responds to stimulation and contracts to provide movement

Question 4

nervous tissue

Answer 4

excitable in the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

Question 5

Vascular, living cells or extracellular matrix: epithlial

Answer 5

avascular and innervated, living cells and matrix (both)

Question 6

Vascular, living cells or extracellular matrix: connective tissue

Answer 6

some are vascular-not including cartilage (matrix determines characteristics of different type of connective tissue)
cartilage has matrix while rest have living cells

Question 7

Vascular, living cells or extracellular matrix: muscle

Answer 7

vascularized, living cells

Question 8

Vascular, living cells or extracellular matrix: nervous

Question 9

classification of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

number of layers (simple/stratified)
shape (squamous/cuboidal/ columnar)

classified by top layer of cells

Question 10

3 types of muscle tissue: compare

Answer 10

1. smooth: involuntary, no striations, one nucleus per cell and found in internal organs, glands and blood vessels
   ex. stomach
2. skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleated, found with bones and muscles
   ex. bicep brachii
3. cardiac: involuntary, striated, found around heart and branched fibers rather than parallel (better to cover heart)
   ex. heart

Question 11

components of matrix

Answer 11

fibers (increase strength, collagen, reticular, elastic), white blood cells, adipocytes and ground subsatnce (fluid, semifluid, gelatinous or calcified)

Question 12

All specific subtypes you can find of the main tissue type. Epithelial

Answer 12

Features - high cellularity, special sensory receptors, forms a barrier, avascular, innervated

Surfaces - basal (hemidesmosomes, basement membrane), apical (lumen, microvilli, cilia, stereocilia), lateral (adhering junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions)

Types - squamous, cuboidal, columnar, simple, stratified, pseudostratified, specialized

Question 13

All specific subtypes you can find of the main tissue type. connective tissue

Answer 13

Structure - cells (structural, immunological, defense, energy reservoirs), extracellular matrix (ground substance, protein fibers)

Types of fibers - collagen, reticular, elastic

Classification - proper (dense, loose), embryonic (mesenchyme, mucous), specialized (cartilage, adipose, bone, blood)

Question 14

All specific subtypes you can find of the main tissue type. Muscle

Answer 14

Features - elastic, extensible, contractile

Types - skeletal, cardiac (gap junctions, intercalated discs), smooth, striated, nonstriated

Question 15

All specific subtypes you can find of the main tissue type. Nervous

Answer 15

Neurons - soma, dendrites, axons, ganglia (PNS), nuclei (CNS)

Glia - astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells,
microglia - blood-brain barrier

Question 16

classification of connective tissue is based on what

Answer 16

cell type and what is found in the matrix

Question 17

dense connective tissue regular

Answer 17

contains thicker and more dense collagen, fewer cells than loose connective tissue, resistance to stretch. collagen fibres in bundles that are parallel (regular)
ex. tendons

Question 18

dense connective tissue irregualr

Answer 18

random direction of collagen fibers and fibroblasts (forms sheetsin the dermis of skin, arterial walls, heart valves and covering bone

provides strength when forces pull from many directions

Question 19

dense connective tissue elastic

Answer 19

branching elastic fibers and few fibroblasts. In lung tissue, blood vessel, trachea and bronchii

allows stretch of organs

Question 20

cartilage

Answer 20

only connective tissue without blood vessels. Collagen fibres embedded in a dense network

ex. ear, between vertebral disc, ends of bones, nose, trachea…

Question 21

types of cartilage

Answer 21

hyaline- ribcage, nose, articular joints
fibrous- thick bundles of collagen through matrix very tough
elastic- elastic fibers and collagen for strength and flexibility, outer ear

Question 22

connective tissue, liquid-blood

Answer 22

contains: WBC, RBC platelet
contained in blood vessel, transport and immunity

Question 23

connective tissue, bone- functions

Answer 23

support
protection of soft tissue
assistance in muscle movement/attatchment
storage of calcium/phosphate
blood cell production in red bone marrow
fat storage in yellow bone marrow

Question 24

compact bone structure

Answer 24

osteon: concentric rings (lamellae) of calcified matrix, surrounding a vertically oriented blood vessel (haversion system)

osteocytes are found in spaces (lacunae)

osteocytes communicate through canaliculi filled with extracellular fluid that connect one cell to another

Question 25

spongey bone structure

Answer 25

less organized lattice structure of thin plates of bone (trabecule) oriented along lines of stress spaces found in the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow (formation of RBC) found in ends of long bones and inside flat bones

Question 26

connective tissue functions

Answer 26

fills internal space, binds tissue and organs together provides support/strength to other tissue protection/insulates internal organs transport material (blood/lymph) provides immunity stores energy as fat

Question 27

nervous tissue

Answer 27

nerve cells (neurons) in a loose association forming nerve networks

Question 28

one neuron contains...

Answer 28

cell body, dendrites, axons

Question 29

nervous tissue function

Answer 29

1. carry info to and from the brain and spinal cord axons are bundled in groups and cell bodies clustered together

Question 30

group of axons inside outside the brain/spinal cord names

Answer 30

inside: white matter outside: nerves

Question 31

group of cell bodies inside/outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 31

inside: grey matter outside: ganglia (plural) or ganglion (singular)

Question 32

characteristic of each tissue type

Answer 32

epithelial: shape and size nervous: inside/outside the brain and spinal cord muscle: striations, contraction and number of nuclei per cell connective: cell type and whats in the matrix

Question 33

Describe the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle tissue, using at least all the following terms: muscle fiber, sarcomeres, striations.

Answer 33

Multinucleated muscle fibres that are like long tubules, include striations horizontally. The Myofibrils (each muscle tissue) have Sarcomeres that cause the striations.

Question 34

Compare and contrast the microscopic structure of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage, using at least all the following terms: chondrocyte, lacuna(e), collagen, proteoglycans.

Answer 34

Hyaline Cartilage: short and dispersed collagen fibers. A lot of proteoglycans. Collagen fibers NOT in the matrix. Chondrocyte in Lacunae. Fibrocartilage: bundles of thick collagen through its matrix (IN Matrix). Chondrocyte in Lacunae.