Unit 1 History Psychology

Question 1

Before the creation of the field of Psychology, which three philosophers were first to teach others their ideas about the psyche or mind?

Answer 1

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 2

What type of philosophers are given credit as original founders of psychological concepts?

Answer 2

Greek philosophers

Question 3

Who promoted the idea that a mental illness was like a medical condition?
Also defined a “fear within the psyche” as a Phobia

Answer 3

Hipocrates

Question 4

In Early years of treatment what was the primary belief was the reason people had mental illness?

Answer 4

Demonic Posession

Question 5

What were the earliest hospitals for the mentally ill called?

Answer 5

Asylums

Question 6

What was the name of the wooden container that confined patients while exposing them to a hot sauna-like experience?

Answer 6

Steam Cabinet

Question 7

What was the name of the wooden chair with physical restraints for the body and sensory deprivation for the head?

Answer 7

Tranquility Chair

Question 8

Who was famous for an abrupt personality change after an accident where a railroad rod damaged his brain?

Answer 8

Phineas Gage

Question 9

When researchers knowingly hide or alter data to misrepresent their findings this is called what?

Answer 9

Researcher Bias

Question 10

Why was Psychology heavily criticized in early years?

Answer 10

Incorrectly using scientific method/Pseudoscience

Question 11

What is a stigma?

Answer 11

Negative view of something, disapproval/discrimination of something/someone by society

Question 12

Define “Psychology”

Answer 12

The scientific study of mental processes and associated behaviors

Question 13

What are two examples of a mental process impacting behavior?

Answer 13

1) Feeling emotion (happy)= display behavior (smile)
2) (behavior) sleeping = dreaming (mental process)

Question 14

Differentiate terms; Nature, Nurture, Fetal Origins

Answer 14

Nature=Genetic influence
Nurture=Environmental influence
Fetal Origins=Prenatal influences

Question 15

Who is most famous/ influential psychologist?

Answer 15

Sigmund Freud

Question 16

What is the Unconscious?

Answer 16

Part of the psyche hidden from us, such as childhood memories/experiences

Question 17

What psychological perspective focused on early childhood, sexuality and unconscious?

Answer 17

Psychoanalysis

Question 18

Who founded psychoanalysis?
Psychotherapy/ talk-therapy

Answer 18

Sigmund Freud

Question 19

Which psychological perspective focused on talk therapy?

Answer 19

Psychoanalysis

Question 20

Which psychological perspective believes problems with mental processes come from struggle with hierarchy of needs?

Answer 20

Humanism

Question 21

What is most effective research supported psychotherapy?

Answer 21

cognitive/ behavioral therapy

Question 22

What is an example of what an evolutionary psychologist would do?

Answer 22

Ex: Track how communication between humans has changed over time, with technology etc.

Question 23

What is an example of what a Biological/ Neurological Psychologist would do

Answer 23

Ex: Measure impact of medications on hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 24

Differentiate terms
-Neurodiversity
-Neurotypical
-Neuroatypical

Answer 24

Neurodiversity = everyone is unique
Neurotypical = Mental processes in normal range
Neuroatypical = Mental processes in abnormal range

Question 25

Who is commonly given credit for coining the word "Psychology" because he published it first?

Answer 25

Rudolph Goclenius

Question 26

Who did historians discover actually used the word "Psychology" first in personal journals?

Answer 26

Marco Marulic

Question 27

Who created the Scientific Method?

Answer 27

Sir Francis Bacon

Question 28

Which Procedure did Walter Freeman create for severe mental illness?

Answer 28

Transorbital Lobotomy

Question 29

Compare/contrast a list of indicators that a field is using scientific method correctly s incorrectly:

Answer 29

Correct if: -Hypothesis predicts measurable outcome -accurate / valid data (empirical evidence) is collected -Results are reliable / replicable -Results are generalizable / useful to most / all people

Question 30

Which psychological perspective focused on perceptions . experiences rather than breaking them down? ex: Misunderstanding a situation because we only hear one side

Answer 30

Gestalt

Question 31

Who founded Gestalt?

Answer 31

Max Wertheimer

Question 32

Who was the first woman to fulfill educational requirements as psychologist but denied a degree due to gender?

Answer 32

Mary Clakins

Question 33

Who was the first woman to actually hold a PHD in psychology in the U.S.?

Answer 33

Margaret Washburn

Question 34

Who was the first African American to earn a PHD in Psychology in the U.S.?

Answer 34

Francis Sumner

Question 35

Who was the first African American woman to earn a PHD in Psychology in the U.S.?

Answer 35

Inez Prosser

Question 36

Who are the founders of Humanism?

Answer 36

Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 37

What is the Humanism term for reaching one's highest potential of functioning?

Answer 37

Self-Actualization

Question 38

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing mal-adaptive processes?

Answer 38

Cognitive Therapy

Question 39

Who created cognitive therapy?

Answer 39

Aaron Beck

Question 40

What are three strategies of cognitive therapy?

Answer 40

-mindfulness -visualizations -guided imagery -cognitive reprogramming

Question 41

What are three non-therapeutic ways modern psychologists can apply the field?

Answer 41

-Education/teacher -Industrial-Organizational (Improving work environment) -Forensic/ law enforcement profilers

Question 42

What would a Social-Cultural Psychologist do?

Answer 42

Study specific mental processes and behaviors based on socio-cultural background

Question 43

Define undoing?

Answer 43

Trying to atone for past mistakes

Question 44

Define Denial?

Answer 44

Unable to accept the truth

Question 45

Define Regression?

Answer 45

Reverting to an immature method of coping when something goes wrong

Question 46

Define Suppresion?

Answer 46

Intentionally forgetting something traumatic

Question 47

Define Repression?

Answer 47

Unintentionally forgetting something traumatic

Question 48

Define Somatic Reaction

Answer 48

Having symptoms of illness due to psychological distress

Question 49

Define Reaction Formation?

Answer 49

Having an opposite reaction from what you expect/expected

Question 50

Define Projection?

Answer 50

Casting your thoughts / feelings onto others; predicting they are the same

Question 51

Define Displacement?

Answer 51

Expressing yourself indirectly (placing emotions somewhere else)

Question 52

Define Rationalization?

Answer 52

Making excuses to justify misbehavior

Question 53

Define Acting Out?

Answer 53

Expressing yourself directly and usually inappropriately, confrontational

Question 54

Define Sublimation?

Answer 54

Coping in a way that helps you and others deal with a trauma

Question 55

Define Intellectualization?

Answer 55

Avoiding your emotions so you can function

Question 56

How many Ego Defense mechanisms are there?

Answer 56

Thirteen

Question 57

What three things did Freud contribute to psychology?

Answer 57

-Levels of awareness -personality structures -Psychoanalysis

Question 58

What are the three levels of consciousness?

Answer 58

-Conscious = Actively Aware -Preconscious = Able to remember -Unconscious = hidden from awareness

Question 59

What are the three personality structures?

Answer 59

-Id -Ego -Superego

Question 60

List three strategies Freud used to psychoanalize?

Answer 60

-Free association -Dream analysis -Ego defense mechanisms

Question 61

Who founded Behaviorism?

Answer 61

John B Watson

Question 62

Which psychological perspective focused on Ivan Pavlov's idea of classical conditioning?

Answer 62

Behaviorism

Question 63

Who is the founder of functionalism?

Answer 63

William James

Question 64

Which psychological perspective focused on adaptiveness influenced by Charles Darwin's idea of evolution?

Answer 64

Functionalism

Question 65

Who was the founder of Structuralism /Introspection?

Answer 65

E. B. Titchener

Question 66

Which psychological perspective focused on breaking experiences down to sensory parts?

Answer 66

Structuralism / Introspection

Question 67

Who established the first laboratory for scientific research in the U.S.?Founded the American Psychological Association? Discovered "Adolescence"?

Answer 67

G. Stanley Hall

Question 68

Who identified/coined the term "Interactive Dualism"?

Answer 68

Rene Descartes

Question 69

Who is given the title "Father of Psychology"? Also established first laboratory to conduct scientific psychological research?

Answer 69

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 70

Who won the Nobel prize for developing the first psychosurgery? What was the procedure?

Answer 70

Egaz Moniz Lobotomy