Unit 1- How we got to where we are

Question 1

As a whole, prison population has what throughout history?

Answer 1

Gone down

Question 2

Assembly Line Justice:

Answer 2

you are punished for your crime and nothing else

Question 3

Individualized Justice

Answer 3

Each case is different

Question 4

America’s influence came from:

Answer 4

England

Question 5

Secular Law:

Answer 5

laws that make away from the church

Question 6

Lextalionis

Answer 6

punishment should match the offense

Question 7

Wergild

Answer 7

money that is paid as compensation for a criminal offense (did not go through the government)

Question 8

Galley Slavery

Answer 8

Working on a ship for free

Question 9

Transportation

Answer 9

relocation to penal colony to help rebuild/build British colonies (Whales, Australia)

Question 10

Incarceration

Answer 10

put in jail (Bridewell)

Question 11

Corporal Punishment

Answer 11

Using physical punishment as a way to make an example

Question 12

What was Beccaria and Bentham’s core belief?

Answer 12

humans are rational beings that make their own decisions

Question 13

Effective punishment, according to Beccaria, is:

Answer 13

Swift, certain, and severe

Question 14

hedonistic Calculus

Answer 14

the ability to weight the pros and cons before action

Question 15

John Howard is significant because:

Answer 15

credited with being the biggest correctional activist

Question 16

Penitentiary Act of 1779

Answer 16

prisons need to be secure and sanitary

Question 17

Great Law

Answer 17

in order for us to repent of our sins, hard labor is necessary

Question 18

Who implemented the 1st penitentiaries?

Answer 18

The Quakers

Question 19

Contract Labor

Answer 19

some group leased incarcerated people

Question 20

Pennsylvania Penitentiary

Answer 20

• Separate and Silent
  -Panopticon
• expensive
• every prisoner has their own cell

Question 21

Auburn/ NY Pen.

Answer 21

• Separate but congregate
• wished for obedience
• congregated labor
• introduced contract labor

Question 22

Five Sentencing Philosophies

Answer 22

Retribution, Incapacitation, Deterrence, Rehabilitation, Restoration

Question 23

Retribution:

Answer 23

focus: punishment
Doesn’t care about needs of offender

Question 24

Incapacitation:

Answer 24

Loss of liberty; lose the right to freedom (go to jail or prison)

Question 25

Deterrence: Prevention

Answer 25

generaL: punishment given to society Specific: Targets a specific offender

Question 26

Rehabilitation

Answer 26

Focus: treatment

Question 27

Restoration:

Answer 27

to make things whole again emotional, physical damages

Question 28

Reformatory Era:

Answer 28

Zebulon Brockway: rehabilitation Indeterminate sentences, understand why people commit crime

Question 29

Medical Model Era

Answer 29

Insane asylums were prevalent but declining; pushed for basic medical care

Question 30

Community Corrections Era

Answer 30

supervised in community probation, parol, half way houses

Question 31

Atica Prison Riot

Answer 31

core takeaway: rights in prisons

Question 32

Crime Control Era

Answer 32

- Martison's "nothing works" - you do the crime, you do the time - War on drugs

Question 33

Indeterminate Sentencing

Answer 33

- second chance sentencing - range (18-24 months) - good time

Question 34

Determinate Sentencing

Answer 34

Fixed period of incarceration - less room for rehabilitation - can still earn good time

Question 35

Mandatory sentences

Answer 35

A punishment associated with a specific crime (minimums) - 3 strike rule

Question 36

PSI

Answer 36

Presentence Investigation

Question 37

Discrimination

Answer 37

when a group of people are treated differently based on prejudice

Question 38

Disparity

Answer 38

when a group of people have a different outcome than another group

Question 39

Wrongful Conviction

Answer 39

When an innocent person is found guilty either by plea or verdict (2-4%)

Question 40

Whats the biggest reason for wrongful conviction?

Answer 40

Eyewitness misidentification

Question 41

How many states given compensation to the wrongfully convicted?

Answer 41

35 + Federal Gov and DC

Question 42

Biggest cases for Wrongful Conviction?

Answer 42

Sexual Assault