Unit 1 - Japan - Ageing population Flashcards
1
Q
Where is Japan?
A
- Asia
- in the Pacific Ocean
2
Q
How much of the population is above 65?
A
- 27%
3
Q
What is the fertility rate?
A
- 1.41
4
Q
What is the population growth rate?
A
- -0.21%
5
Q
What is the birth rate?
A
- 7.7
6
Q
What is the death rate?
A
- 9.8
7
Q
Why is Japan a good example for ageing population?
A
- one of the world’s oldest societies
- only major economy to start 2018 with a shrinking economy
8
Q
How many people will be over 65 by 2040?
A
- by 2040 more than 1 in 3 people will be over 65
9
Q
What are the causes of the ageing population?
A
- fertility rate decreasing below threshold levels → 1.41
- high life expectancy → 85
- lower birth rate → later & fewer marriages, higher education, urbanisation, poor work-life balance, more women in the workforce, high cost of raising a child, small living spaces
- economic insecurity → lack of regular employment (40% of labor force non-regular)
- by 2035 1 in 4 men is expected to not marry during childbearing years
- 30% of population never marries
- 25% of population are virgins in their 30s
10
Q
What are the consequences of the ageing population?
A
- dependency rate ratio was 40% (two aged dependents for every five workers) → expected to increase to 60% by 2036 and 80% by 2060
- shortage in workers → 125 jobs for every 100 job seekers
- could drag down Japan’s average annual GDP growth
- slower economic growth
- abandoned schools, hospitals and up to 8 million homes
11
Q
What are the solutions so far?
A
- long-term-care insurance introduced in 2000 → free medical care for everyone aged 70 above
12
Q
What is an ageing population?
A
- a measure showing the ratio of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age 65 to the population aged 15 to 64
