Unit 1 - KA 2

Question 2

What is the DNA structure?

Answer 2

DNA is a long double stranded molecule which is wound into the shape of a double helix

Question 3

What is each strand of DNA made up of?

Answer 3

Repeating chemical units called nucleotides

Question 4

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 4

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base

Question 5

How many carbon atoms does a phosphate of a nucleotide have?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

Which end of the double helix has a deoxyribose sugar molecule

Answer 6

3’

Question 7

What end of the double helix has a phosphate

Answer 7

5’

Question 8

What are the 4 nucleotide bases?

Answer 8

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 9

How do bases pair?

Answer 9

In a complementary way

Question 10

How are base pairs joined together?

Answer 10

By weak hydrogen bonds

Question 11

How do the two stands of DNA run?

Answer 11

In opposite directions, they ate antiparellel to one another

Question 12

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 12

To encode genetic information as a genetic code

Question 13

What is the polymerase chain reaction?

Answer 13

Laboratory technique for the amplification of target sequences of DNA using complementary primers for specific target sequences of interest.

Question 14

What is the process of the polymerase chain recation?

Answer 14

DNA molecule heated to 92-98c to break all the hydrogen bonds and completely separate the 2 strands.

It is then cooled to between 50 and 65c to allow primers to bind to the target sequences.

DNA polymerase to replicate DNA nucleotides to each strand.

Repeated thermal cycles of heating and cooling amplify the target sequence of DNA.

Each thermal cycle of PCR double the number of copies of the DNA present

Question 15

What are the applications of PCR

Answer 15

Can be used to produce DNA profiles unique to each individual and can be uses in forensics to identify individuals to help solve crimes.