Unit 1 Key Concepts

Question 0

Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated from _______ to ______, _______, and ______

Answer 0

Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Question 1

What does the term big geography draw attention to?

Answer 1

The global nature of world history

Question 2

Were Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savanna to desert to ice age tundra

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What is egalitarian?

Answer 3

Equal

Question 4

By making an analogy with modern hunter forager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively what?

Answer 4

Egalitarian

Question 5

How did anthropologists infer that hunter gatherers were relatively egalitarian?

Answer 5

By making an analogy with modern hunter forager societies

Question 6

Dd humans develop varied and sophisticated technologies?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Humans used fire in new ways. List three

Answer 7

To aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators, and to adapt to cold wncoronments

Question 8

Economic structures focused on

Answer 8

Small kinship groups of hunting foraging bands that could make what they needed to sirvice

Question 9

Were all groups self sufficient?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Groups exchanged what? (3)

Answer 10

People, ideas, and goods

Question 11

Settled agriculture appeared I several parts of the world in response to what?

Answer 11

Warming climates after the last ice afe

Question 12

What type of food supply did the switch to agriculture create?

Answer 12

A more reliable, less diverse food dipply

Question 13

Agriculturalists had a massive impact on the environment through intensive cultivation o selected plants to the exclusion of others, through the construction of irrigation systems, and through the use of what for food and labor?

Answer 13

Domesticated abimals

Question 14

Pastoralists emerged in parts of

Answer 14

Africa and eirasia

Question 15

Did pastoral people domesticated animals and led their herds around grazing ranges.

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Like agriculturalists, who tended to be more so Italy stratified than hunter gatherers?

Answer 16

Pastoral peoples

Question 17

Why did pastoralists rarely accumulate large amounts of material possessions

Answer 17

Because the wre mobile and it would have been a hindrance when they changed grazing areas

Question 18

Where did permanent agricultural villages emerge in first?

Answer 18

The lands of the eastern mediterranen

Question 19

Different crops or animals were domesticated in the various core regions, depending in what?

Answer 19

The available local flora and fauna

Question 20

How did pastoralism and agriculture lead to increase population?

Answer 20

They led to more reliable and abundant food supplies

Question 21

What led to specialization of labor, including artisans and warriors, and development of elites

Answer 21

Surpluses of food and other goods

Question 22

Technological innovations led to improvements in

Answer 22

Agricultural production, trade and transportation

Question 23

Examples of improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation (5)

Answer 23

Pottery
Plows
Woven textiles
Metallurgy
Wheels and wheeled cehicles

Question 24

In both pastoralism and agrarian societies, elite groups accumulated wealth, creating what?

Answer 24

More hierarchical social structures and promoting patriarchal forms of social organixation

Question 25

The term civilization is normally used to designate what?

Answer 25

Large societies with cities and powerful states

Question 26

All civilizations produced what that permitted significant specialization of labor?

Answer 26

Agricultural surplises

Question 27

All civilizations contained cities and generated complex institutions such as what? (3)

Answer 27

Political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies

Question 28

Civilizations featured clearly stratified social hierarchies and organized what?

Answer 28

Lon distance reading relationships

Question 29

The accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred what? This in turn led to the development o what

Answer 29

Warfare between communities and or with pastoralists; new technologies of war and urban defense

Question 30

Mesopotamia in what river valleys

Answer 30

Tigris and euphrates

Question 31

Egypt in what river valley?

Answer 31

Nile

Question 32

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in what river valley?

Answer 32

Indus

Question 33

Shang in what river valley?

Answer 33

Yellow river or Huang He

Question 34

Olmecs located where?

Answer 34

Mesoamerica Chavin in Andean South America

Question 35

The first states emerged within what?

Answer 35

Core civilizations

Question 36

States were powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas. Sadly states were often led by a _____ whose source of power was believed to be divine or had divine support and/or who was supported by the military

Answer 36

Ruler

Question 37

Early region of state expansion or empire building were (3)

Answer 37

Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and the Nile Valley

Question 38

_______plays a significant role in unifying state through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art

Answer 38

Xukture

Question 39

Did elites promote arts and artisanship?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Systems of record keeping arose independently in all early civilizations and subsequently were

Answer 40

Diffused

Question 41

States developed what, including the Code of Hammurabi, that reflected existing hierarchies and facilitated the rule of governments over people

Answer 41

Legal codes

Question 42

New religious beliefs developed in this period continued to have strong influences in

Answer 42

Later periods

Question 43

Examples of religious beliefs (3)

Answer 43

The Vedic religion Hebrew monotheism Zoraastrianism

Question 44

Examples of trade expansion from local to regional to transregional

Answer 44

Between Egypt and Nubia | Between Mesopotamia and the Indus calley

Question 45

Literature was a reflection of

Answer 45

Xulture