Unit 1 Lecture Flashcards
1
Q
parts of lymphatic system
A
spleen, tonsils, appendix
2
Q
function of lymphatic system
A
clean interstitial fluid
3
Q
Parts of endocrine system
A
hypothalomus, pituitary gland, ovary, teste
4
Q
parts of urinary system
A
kidney, ureter, bladder
5
Q
What are oocytes
A
egg cells
6
Q
List characteristics of life
A
boundaries, movement, responsiveness, nutrients, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
7
Q
Parts of control mechanism
A
receptor, control center, effector
8
Q
Negative feedback loop
A
shuts off initial stimulus
9
Q
Examples of negative feedback loop
A
blood sugar, body temp, blood volume
10
Q
Positive feedback loop
A
exaggerates initial stimulus
11
Q
Examples of positive feedback loop
A
labor, blood clotting, high fever
12
Q
Superior
A
toward head
13
Q
Inferior
A
toward feet
14
Q
medial
A
toward center line
15
Q
Lateral
A
away from center line
16
Q
proximal
A
limbs: toward trunk
17
Q
distal
A
limbs: toward phlanges
18
Q
superficial
A
toward surface
19
Q
deep
A
into body
20
Q
anterior
A
aka ventral: front halg
21
Q
posterior
A
aka dorsal: back half
22
Q
axial
A
head, neck, trunk
23
Q
appendicular
A
limbs
24
Q
Transverse plane
A
parallel to ground
25
frontal plane
vertical: anterior and posterior
26
sagittal plane
vertical: left and right
27
Transverse organ section
perpendicular
28
Longitudinal organ section
parallel
29
Oblique organ section
45 degrees
30
Dorsal cavity encloses...
brain, spinal cord
31
Parts of dorsal cavity
cranial, vertebral
32
Ventral cavity encloses...
internal organs (viscera)
33
Ventral cavity divisions
thoracic, abdominopelvic
34
What separates the ventral cavities
diaphragm
35
parts of thoracic cavity
2 pleural cavities, mediastinum
36
What do the pleural cavities hold
lungs
37
what does the mediastinum hold
heart (pericardial cavity)
38
Parts of abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal, pelvic
39
What is contained by abdominal cavity
stomach, intestines, spleen, liver
40
What is contained by the pelvic cavity
urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
41
What is serous membrane
double layer membrane covering major organs
42
What are the layers of serous membranes
parietal (outer), visceral (inner)
43
What is between layers of serous membrane
serous fluid
44
purpose of serous fluid
lubrication, heat management
45
names of special serous membranes and what they contain
pericardium (heart), pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity)
46
where are mucus membranes found
cavities indirectly open to environment (digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory tracts)
47
Types of epithelial tissue
covering/lining, glandular
48
Characteristics of epithelial tissue
appical and basal layer, closely packed cells, avascular but innervated, high rate of regeneration, basement membrane
49
What holds epithelial cells together
tight junctions and desmosomes
50
what is the basal membrane made up of
glycoprotein and collagen
51
parts of basement membrane
basal lamina, reticular lamina
52
function of basement membrane
anchor epithelium to connective tissue
53
classifications of epithelial tissue
squamous, cuboidal, columnar: simple, stratified
54
Where are simple squamous cells found
Endothelium (lining of lymphatic and blood vessels), mesothelium (lining of serous membranes)
55
Where are simple cuboidal tissues found
bronchoiles, kidney tubules
56
What do simple cuboidal tissues have
microvilli
57
function of simple cuboidal cells
absorption, secretion, mucus
58
Shape and location of nuclei in simple columnar tissues
oval, basal
59
Functions of simple columnar tissues
absorption, secretion, mucus
60
locations of simple columnar tissues
GI tract, uterus, uterine tubes
61
What do pseudostratified ciliated columnar tissues have
cilia, goblet cells
62
cilia vs microvilli
c: sweep, m:absorb
63
function of goblet cells
mucus
64
function of keratinized stratified squamous
keep in water, protect skin
65
function of keratin in keratinized stratified sqaumous tissue
strength
66
what is the outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous tissue
dead squamous cells
67
What is the outer layer of nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue
live squamous cells
68
Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue found
tongue, esophagus, vagina
69
where is keratinized stratified squamous tissue found
surface of skin
70
where are stratified cuboidal tissues found
sweat and mammary glands
71
function of stratified columnar tissues
secretion
72
what type of epithelium is transitional epithelium
stratified
73
What happens when transitional epithelium is stretched
cells stretch (cuboidal to squamous), fewer layers
74
Function of glandular epithelium
secretion
75
Do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues have ducts?
no
76
Do exocrine glandular epithelial tissues have ducts?
Yes
77
Where do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues release product
blood or lymph
78
What do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues release
hormones
79
Where do exocrine glandular epithelial cells release their product
onto surfaces or into cavities
80
name of unicellular glandular tissue
goblet cell
81
Name modes of secretion
Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
82
What is merocrine secretiuon
exocytosis
83
What is apocrine secretion
pinches off portion of cell
84
What is holocrine secretion
cell ruptures
85
Where does apocrine secretion occur
armpits, groin
86
Where does holocrine secretion occur
sebacious glands
87
List types of connective tissue
proper, cartilage, bone, blood
88
Functions of connective tissue
binding/support, protection, insulation, transportation
89
characteristics of connective tissue
comes from Mesenchyme, vascular or nonvasculaar, extracellular matrix, same fibers, same cell types
90
What is Mesenchyme
stem cell
91
What is extracellular matrix made up of
ground substance and fibers *interstitial fluid, adhersion protein, proteoglycan)
92
function of extracellular matrix
diffuse solutes
93
What is proteoglycan made up of
protein, glycosaminoglycans
94
What is the result of more GAGs in an extracellular matrix
more viscous
95
types of fibers in connective tissue
collagen, elastic, reticular
96
blast vs cyte cells
b: secretory, divide c: mature, less productive
97
Where are Fibroblasts found
proper connective tissue
98
what are hematopoietic cells
stem cells
99
What do hematopoietic cells produce
red/white blood cells, platelets
100
Types of proper connective tissue
loose, dense
101
types of loose connective tissue
areolar, adipose, reticular
102
function of areolar tissue
wrap/cushion organs
103
Where is areolar tissue located
under epithelial tissue
104
What fibers are found in areolar tissue
collagen, elastic, reticular
105
function of adipose tissue
store fat
106
cell type in adipose tissue
adipocytes
107
where are the organelles in adipose cells
near cell membrane
108
Function of brown adipose tissue
produce heat
109
What organelle does brown adipose tissue have in abundance
mitochondria
110
function of reticular tissue
delicate support
111
where is reticular tissue found
lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
112
types of dense connective tissue
regular, irregular, elastic
113
what fiber is found in dense regular tissue
collagen going in similar directions
114
where is dense regular tissue found
ligaments, tendons
115
function of dense regular tissue
strong inflexible support
116
Fiber found in dense irregular tissue
collagen in many directions
117
where is dense irregular tissue found
strong coverings, dermis
118
function of dense irregular tissue
stretch in many directions
119
fibers in elastic tissue
elastic
120
where are elastic tissues found
large arteries, bronchial tubes
