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Biology Lab > Unit 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Union of two or more atoms of the same or different

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3
Q

Cell

A

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms

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4
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with a common structure and function

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5
Q

Organ

A

Composed tissues functioning together for a specific task

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6
Q

Organ System

A

Composed of several organs working together

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7
Q

Organism

A

An individual: complex individuals contain organ systems

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8
Q

Species

A

A group of similar, interbreeding organisms

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9
Q

Population

A

Organisms of the same species in a particular area

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10
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations in a particular area

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11
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community plus the physical environment

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living organism

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13
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

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15
Q

Chemical Cycling and Energy Flow

A

Begins when plants use solar energy and inorganic nutrients to produce their own food

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16
Q

Reproduction

A

The ability to make another organism like themselves

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17
Q

Development

A

Changes made to become an adult

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18
Q

Genes

A

Genetic Instructions

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19
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

Makes genes; provides blueprint/instructions for characteristics

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20
Q

Mutations

A

Inheritable changes in the genetic information

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21
Q

Behavior

A

Observable, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

A stable internal environment

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23
Q

Adaptations

A

Individuals possessing certain features that make them better suited to the environment

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24
Q

Natural Selection

A

Individuals of a species that are better adapted to their environment tend to live longer and produce more offspring than other individuals

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25
Evolution
Changes in the frequency of traits in populations and species over time
26
Taxonomy
The discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules
27
Systemics
The study of the evolutionary relationships between species
28
Classification Systems (least to most inclusive)
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Supergroup, and Domain
29
Domains
The largest classification category; the three main domains are: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
30
Domain Archea
Contains single-celled prokaryotes, which lack the nucleus and organelles; cell walls and membranes are most similar to Eukarya
31
Domain Bacteria
Contains single-celled prokaryotes, which lack the nucleus and organelles
32
Domain Eukarya
Contains Eukaryotes
33
Prokaryotes
Found inside Domains Archea and Bacteria, lack the nucleus and organelles
34
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes except they have a nucleus and organelles
35
The Four Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya
Protists, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
36
Protists
Can be single or multi-celled, some use photosynthesis and others must find food, includes algae, protozoans/water molds
37
Plants
Multi-cellular, use photosynthesis, includes azaleas/zinnias/pines
38
Animals
Multi-cellular, must ingest and process foods, includes aardvarks/jaguars/humans
39
Fungi
Molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms
40
Scientific Method
A standard series of logical steps used for studying the natural world from a scientific perspective
41
Observation
A formal way of watching the natural world
42
Inductive Reasoning
Whenever a person uses their specific observations to develop a general explanation
43
Hypothesis
Not a guess; an informed statement that can be tested in a matter suited to the processes of science
44
Expirament
A series of procedures to test a hypothesis
45
Prediction
An expected outcome
46
Experimental Design
The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment
47
Experimental Variable
Examining the contribution of a specific variable
48
Responding Variable
Dependent Variable
49
Control
Variable that does not change
50
Model Organisms
Chosen to allow the researcher to control aspects of the experiment
51
Data
Results
52
Scientific Publications
Scientific Journals
53
Theories
Concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses
54
Technology
The application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans
55
Climate change
Changes in the normal cycles of the Earth's climate that may be attributed to human activity
56
Global Warming
The increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
57
The Greenhouse Effect
Gases allowing the sun's rays to pass through the atmosphere, but they absorb and radiate heat back sown to the earth
58
Biodiversity
The total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live
59
Extinction
The death of an entire species or larger classification system
60
Emerging Diseases
Diseases new to humans
61
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
62
Elements
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties by ordinary chemical means
63
Atom
The smallest part of an element that displays the properties of the element
64
Protons
Positive-charged subatomic particles
65
Neutrons
Uncharged subatomic particles
66
Electrons
Negative-charged subatomic particles
67
Electron Shell
Indicates the average location of electrons
68
Atomic Numbers
The number of protons in the nucleus
69
Mass Number
The sum of the protons and neutrons and protons in the nucleus
70
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
71
Atomic Mass
Refers to the average mass for all the Isotopes of that element
72
Molecule
Is formed when two or more atoms bond together
73
Compound
Atoms of two or more different elements bonded together
74
Ions
An element with one more electron/proton than electron/proton
75
Ionic Bond
Holds ionic compounds using an attraction between negative and positive charges
76
Covalent Bond
Results when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell
77
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
The sharing of electrons between two atoms is fairly equal
78
Electronegativity
An atom that has a greater attraction for a shared pair of electrons
79
Polar Covalent Bonds
Differs in polarity across the molecule
80
Hydrogen Bond
Hydrogen atoms are attracted to Oxygen atoms in other water molecules
81
Solution
Contains solutes
82
Solutes
Dissolved substances
83

Biology Lab (2 decks)

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