Unit 1 Lesson 2 Notes Flashcards
Middle (Dark ages)
Period of time (in Europe) with no progress. No learning for 1000 YEARS! Limited knowledge of Greek and Roman technology.
Crusades
Europeans travel to Middle East in series of wars to “rid the muslims” of their holy land. They discover that the muslims had much more advanced items than them! (Compass, gun powder, spices.) Arabs got them in Asia.
Trade routes to Asia and china
Europeans wished to trade directly with Asia/china to gain advanced materials like arabs had. 1st plan was to travel EAST (Marco polo, Silk Road)
The renaissance
When Europe became curious and finally wanted to LEARN again! Since trading with Middle East -> Europeans rediscover books, mathematics & geography. Most importantly, they were exposed to the COMPASS. (Vital to sea travel)
Age of Exploration
Europeans wanted to EXPLORE. (In order to find gold, trade, conquer new land &a convert people to Christianity. Main goal = find a route to Asia WITHOUT crossing Middle East as “middleman”
Sailing East
1st idea to get to Asia w/o middleman = go south THEN east around Africa. Portugal led the way.
Sailing West
In 1492 Columbus convinced Spain to sponsor his voyage. (Idea # 2 now)Columbus’s idea was that if you sail west around the globe you will end up in Asia/ China. His concept was correct but he was still wrong in 2 ways.. the size of the earth and the existence of the continents, north and South America. So his trip landed him in mod day dom. Republic/ Haiti -> Columbus believed he was in India SO he called them Native Indians.
What cause Europeans to want to colonize the new world?
- Political: Political competition between European nations, Land = power.
- Economic: Economic competitions between European Nations, new land meant finding new gold and trading in new lands.
- Cultural: to spread Christianity and for Religious Freedom.
* Also; new colonies could serve as an outlet to increase population.
Spain
Where? –> Central America and South America
Thanks to America, Spain = mightiest empire in the world.
Mining settlements (gold), framing settlements &a trade settlements
Enslaved natives - many died due to disease
Bartolome (Spanish priest) condemned enslavement of natives and suggested Africans instead.
Lastly, Spain forced Christianity upon natives.
France
Where? Canada and Louisiana.
French had smaller population in New World BECAUSE gov did not encourage emigration.
Trading settlements for FUR founded Montreal and Quebec.
Netherlands
Where? New York.
“New Amsterdam” for trade
In 1664 British took over and re named it NEW YORK CITY.
ENGLAND!
{Background.}
England and Spain = political rivals.
Spain navy = dominant in mid 1500’s
Sir Francis Drake robbed Spain ships of their gold like a pirate. (with permission of queen Elizabeth I.)
Spain eventually sent Spanish Armada to invade England (1588)
BUT… a bad storm sank Spain’s ships which left England free to pursue their own goals in the New World.
ENGLAND!
{Colonies} Roanoke
1st ATTEMPTED colony was Roanoke Island.
Set up for trade but it became the “lost colony” it did not survive.
We do not know to this day what happened to them.
ENGLAND!
{Colonies} Jamestown, Virginia
1st successful AND permanent colony!
Set up for trade and financed by investors in England— also given a charter by James I. Led by Capn. John Smith.
Produced profitable crop - TOBACCO
ENGLAND!
{Colonies}
2nd SUCCESSFUL colony = Plymouth Massachusetts! (1620)
Set up for religious freedom, the pilgrims separated from the Church of England.
signed the Mayflower Compact before getting off the boat.
Setting up a self gov. System of majority rules.
