Unit 1 - Microscopes, Cells, Genetics

Question 1

Objective lens

Answer 1

magnifying lens to look at the specimen

Question 2

nose piece

Answer 2

rotates 3 different strengths of lenses

Question 3

high power

Answer 3

lens closest to the specimen

Question 4

condenser

Answer 4

adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen

Question 5

coarse focus

Answer 5

brings the specimen into general focus by moving the stage up and down

Question 6

fine focus

Answer 6

brings the specimen into fine detail by focusing the image

Question 7

what are the different magnification powers

Answer 7

40x, 100x, 400x

Question 8

what is field of view? (FOV)

Answer 8

area viewed when looking in a microscope

Question 9

How do you calculate the FOV

Answer 9

record lens being used
place clear ruler on the stage so it covers half of it
observe the ruler under low power - FOV is the entire area you see under the microscope

Question 10

unit conversion from millimeters (mm) to micrometers (um)

Answer 10

1mm = 1000 um

Question 11

what is magnification power

Answer 11

magnification of objective lens x ocular lens

Question 12

What are the levels or organization used for

Answer 12

categorizing components of organisms from the smallest part of the earth

Question 13

what are the levels of organization

Answer 13

eg: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere, biome

Question 14

atoms + molecules

Answer 14

smallest unit of a chemical element, smallest unit of a compound

Question 15

cell / tissue

Answer 15

smallest unit that is alive / a group of cells with simillar structure and function

Question 16

organ / organism

Answer 16

structure with multiple tissues that work together to do a particular task / an individual living thing

Question 17

population / community

Answer 17

organisms of the same kind that live in the same area / all the populations in a particular area

Question 18

ecosystem / biosphere

Answer 18

all living and non living things in the same environment / all living things on earth

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

contains and protects DNA

Question 20

DNA/Chromosomes

Answer 20

information for making proteins

Question 21

ribosomes

Answer 21

makes proteins

Question 22

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 22

transports and finishes proteins and other biological molecules

Question 23

lysosomes

Answer 23

destroys bad bacteria (invading viruses)

Question 24

mitochondria

Answer 24

powerhouse of the cells

Question 25

golgi apparatus

Answer 25

sends out/processes vesicles (out of cell) modifies proteins and lipids

Question 26

cytoplasm

Answer 26

space for work to be done (jelly-like)

Question 27

vesicles

Answer 27

cellular package containing products like proteins (transports materials)

Question 28

vacuole

Answer 28

storage (handles waste products and materials) also water!! *Animals have a large central vacuole

Question 29

pores/gated channels

Answer 29

points of entry and exit for materials

Question 30

cell membrane

Answer 30

maintains homeostasis (only lets certain things in the cell)

Question 31

chloroplasts - only in plants!!

Answer 31

creates glucose (sugar)

Question 32

cell wall - only in plants!!

Answer 32

keeps a rigid structure

Question 33

what is the sequence of how a protein is produced and shipped from a cell

Answer 33

DNA (transcription, mRNA)-- Ribosomes (proteins)-- ER -- Golgi Apparatus (vesicles) -- Cell membrane

Question 34

What does DNA stand for

Answer 34

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 35

Shape of DNA + 4 bases

Answer 35

Double helix, ATGC (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 36

what are chromosomes

Answer 36

tightly coiled strands of DNA

Question 37

what is the human genome

Answer 37

the entire DNA sequence contained by your entire set of chromosomes (humans have 23 pairs)

Question 38

what are genes

Answer 38

segments of DNA strands containing a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 39

where are genes located on a chromosome

Answer 39

locus (plural: loci) the DNA sequence here contains instruction for a specific function or trait

Question 40

what are different versions of genes called

Answer 40

an allele

Question 41

gene vs trait

Answer 41

gene codes for something trait is actually what it is (gene for eye colour, trait is brown eyes)

Question 42

how many alleles of every gene does a human have

Answer 42

2 - because there is one from each biological parent (they can be the same or different)

Question 43

genotype vs phenotype

Answer 43

genotype: genetic make up of an induvial phenotype: physical traits and characteristics of an individual (influenced by genotype & environment)

Question 44

what is a sex-linked trait

Answer 44

carried in the sex chromosomes (x and y)

Question 45

what is an example of a sex linked trait

Answer 45

hemophilia - females can be normal, carriers, or have the gene. Males will have the disease or not (because they only have 1 x chromosome)

Question 46

what is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell?

Answer 46

prokaryotic - cells without a nucleus eukaryotic - have a nucleus (all plants, animals, etc)