Unit 1: Module 1.2 - 1.3b

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

The body’s speedy, electrochemical, communication network

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 4

Nerves

Answer 4

Neural cables connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sensory organs

Question 5

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 5

Neurons that carry incoming information from the body’s tissues to the brain/spinal cord

Question 6

Motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 6

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain to the muscles and glands

Question 7

Inter neurons

Answer 7

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord that process information (motor or sensory)

Question 8

Somatic nervous system

Answer 8

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Question 9

ANS

Answer 9

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs

Question 10

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

Question 11

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

Question 12

Reflex

Answer 12

A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

Question 13

Neuron

Answer 13

A nerve cell (building block of nerves)

Question 14

Cell body

Answer 14

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus

Question 15

Dendrites

Answer 15

A neuron’s extension that receives and integrates messages (bushy/branching)

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

The segmented neuron extension that passes messages through its branches

Question 17

Myelin sheath

Answer 17

A fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons (faster transmission speed)

Question 18

Glial cells

Answer 18

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Question 19

Action potential

Answer 19

A neural impulse (brief electrical charge that goes down an axon

Question 20

Threshold

Answer 20

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 21

refractory period

Answer 21

A brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired (happens after a guy you know…)

Question 22

All-or-none response

Answer 22

A neuron’s reaction of either firing or not firing

Question 23

Synapse

Answer 23

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons.

Question 25

Reuptake

Answer 25

A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron

Question 26

Endorphins

Answer 26

"Morphine within"; natural, opioid-like neurotransmitters linked to pain or pleasure

Question 27

Agonist

Answer 27

A molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action

Question 28

Antagonist

Answer 28

A molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action

Question 29

Endocrine system

Answer 29

The body's "slow" chemical communication system

Question 30

Hormones

Answer 30

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine gland and travel through the bloodstream

Question 31

Psychoactive drug

Answer 31

A chemical substance that alters the brain (causes changes in perceptions and mood)

Question 32

Substance use disorder

Answer 32

Continued substance use despite resulting life disruption

Question 33

Depressants

Answer 33

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 34

Tolerance

Answer 34

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take a larger size of a dose

Question 35

Addiction

Answer 35

An everyday term for compulsive substance use that continues despite harmful consequences

Question 36

Withdrawal

Answer 36

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

Question 37

Barbiturates

Answer 37

Drugs that depress CNS activity (reduces anxiety but impairs memory/judgement

Question 38

Opioids

Answer 38

Opium and its derivatives; they depress neural activity

Question 39

Stimulants

Answer 39

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 40

Hallucinogens

Answer 40

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 41

Near-death experience

Answer 41

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death