Unit 1- Muscles And Movement KO

Question 1

Muscle origin

Answer 1

The point of muscle attachment to a stationary bone which stays relatively fixed during muscle contraction.

Question 2

Muscle insertion

Answer 2

The point of muscle attachment to a moveable bone which moves closer to the origin during muscle contraction.

Question 3

Agonist

Answer 3

Muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint by contracting
Also known as the prime mover

Question 4

Antagonist

Answer 4

Muscle that relaxes to coordinate movement

Question 5

Fixator

Answer 5

Muscle that stabilises a body part to prevent unwanted movement and allow the agonist to create the desired movement

Question 6

Antagonistic muscle action

Answer 6

A pair of muscles at a joint
When one muscle contracts another relaxes to create joint movement

Question 7

Isotonic contraction

Answer 7

Muscle contraction where a muscle changes length under tension to create movement

Question 8

Concentric contraction

Answer 8

Muscle contraction where a muscle shortens under tension

Question 9

Eccentric contraction

Answer 9

Muscle contraction where a muscle lengthens under tension

Question 10

Isometric contraction

Answer 10

Muscle contraction where a muscle remains the same length and no movement occurs

Question 11

Core stability

Answer 11

Muscles of the abdomen and lower back that stabilise the spine and allow for efficient movement

Question 12

Rotator cuff

Answer 12

4 muscles that stabilises the shoulder joint and allow for rotational movements

Question 13

Motor neuron

Answer 13

Nerve cell which conducts an nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

Question 14

Motor unit

Answer 14

Motor neuron and muscle fibres stimulated by axon

Question 15

Action potential

Answer 15

Positive electrical charge which conducts a nerve impulse down a neuron to muscle fibres

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

Long nerve cell responsible for conducting an impulse from cell body to muscle fibres

Question 17

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 17

The point where the axon’s motor end plates meet muscle fibres

Question 18

Synaptic cleft

Answer 18

Small gap between axon’s motor end plates and muscle fibres

Question 19

All or none law

Answer 19

Depending on whether a stimulus is above or below a threshold, either all muscle fibres in a motor unit contract or none contract

Question 20

Type 1 slow oxidative muscle fibres

Answer 20

Produce low force for a long period of time

Question 21

Type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

Answer 21

Produce high force over a moderate period of time

Question 22

Type 2b fast glycolytic fibres

Answer 22

Produce a very high for a short amount of time

Question 23

Phosphocreatine (PC)

Answer 23

High energy compound required to produce muscle contraction for fast and explosive movements

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Structure responsible for aerobic energy production

Question 25

Myoglobin

Answer 25

Muscle protein responsible for accepting oxygen into muscle cell

Question 26

Joint

Answer 26

Two or more bones articulate to create movement

Question 27

Ligament

Answer 27

Connective tissue that joins bone to bone preventing dislocation and increasing joint stability

Question 28

Tendon

Answer 28

Connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone

Question 29

Synovial fluid

Answer 29

Viscous fluid contained within the synovial membrane that reduces friction between Articular cartilage

Question 30

Articular cartilage

Answer 30

Smooth, slightly spongy cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint preventing friction and absorbing shock

Question 31

Joint capsule

Answer 31

Tough, fibrous tissue that lies outside the synovial membrane Helps to strengthen the joint Synovial membrane secrets synovial fluid

Question 32

Bursa

Answer 32

Flattened fibrous sac containing a thin layer of synovial fluid Prevents friction between ligaments/ tendons and bone

Question 33

Meniscus

Answer 33

Wedge of fibrocartilage Improves fit between bones Improves stability Acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction

Question 34

Sagittal plane

Answer 34

Runs vertically, dividing body into left and right

Question 35

Frontal plane

Answer 35

Runs vertically, dividing body into front and back

Question 36

Transverse plane

Answer 36

Runs horizontally, dividing body into upper and lower parts

Question 37

Flexion

Answer 37

Movement that decreased the angle at a joint

Question 38

Extension

Answer 38

Movement that increases the angle at a joint

Question 39

Dorsi flexion

Answer 39

Decreases angle at the ankle, bringing toes towards tibia Sagittal plane

Question 40

Plantar flexion

Answer 40

Increases joint angle at ankle, moving toes down Sagittal plane

Question 41

Abduction

Answer 41

Moves limb away from the midline of the body Frontal plane

Question 42

Adduction

Answer 42

Moves a limb closer to the midline of the body Frontal plane

Question 43

Horizontal extension

Answer 43

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground Transverse

Question 44

Horizontal flexion

Answer 44

Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground Transverse

Question 45

Rotation

Answer 45

Bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action Transverse