Unit 1: Nervous System and Sensory Flashcards
(31 cards)
Nervous System
Assist body in maintaining homeostasis (Balance).
uses electrical impulses communicate and respond to internal/external stimuli
What are 3 examples of the nervous system
maintaining constant body temp of 37,
maintaining constant blood sugar levels,
maintaining constant blood pH (of 7)
Homeostasis
A state of balance amongst the body
What is the somatic system
part of the PNS, voluntary response
what are the 2 types of peripheral nerves/neurons
sensory/afferent-send nerve impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
Motor/Afferent- send nerve impulses from CNS to muscles or glands (effectors)
what is the Autonomic System
Part of the PNS, unvoluntary or automatic control, controlled by the medulla oblangata and hypothalamus
What are the 2 subdivisions of the Autonomic System?
1) Sympathetic system
2) Parasympathetic system
What happens in the sympathetic system?
-your body goes into fight or flight mode
-increased HR/breath rate, and BP
-causing faster oxygen delivery to the lungs,
-decreasing blood flow causing PALE skin, pulling your blood away from skin and to the muscles and brain,
-adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine causing glucose to increase for extra energy, also conversion of glycogen to glucose
-inhibits digestion
-dilates bronchioles in lungs for more oxygen
What happens in the parasympathetic system?
-your body feels at rest
-increasing digestion, activated to restore calmness
-slows HR/Breath rate, BP
-Increases blood flow to the skin
-returned bronchioles to normal
-stimulates release of bile in liver
Give 1 example of a stimulant that can cause your sympathetic system to initiate
Caffeine
Give 1 example of a depressant that can affect the parasympathetic system
Alcohol
What are the 2 main cells of the Nervous System?
1) Glial Cells
2) Neurons
What are 4 types of neuron cells
1) Sensory Receptors
2) Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
3) Interneurons
4) Motor (efferent) Neurons
What is a sensory receptor
detect specific stimuli creating an electrical impulse
What is a sensory (Afferent) Neuron
sends nerve impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
What is a Interneuron
integrate incoming information, interpret and sends commands
What is a motor (Efferent) Neuron
Transmits information from the CNS to effectors (muscles, organs, glands)
What are the 3 Glial Cells
1) Oligodendroglia
2) Microglia
3) Schwann Cells
Central Nervous System
Integrates and processes information sent by the PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves to and from the CNS
What are reflexes
Split second response and occur without brain coordination
Reflex Arc
Even faster nerve impulse pathway, transmission bypasses interneurons in brain in order to prevent more serious damage
dendrites
receives signals from other neurons
Cell body
Contains nucleus and processes signals from the dendrites
