unit 1 notes pt1 quiz

Question 1

Describe the general characteristics and functions of the epithelial tissue.

Answer 1

sheet of closely adhering cells(lateral contacts= tight junctions, desmosomes)

• covering/lining: polarity (apical, basal), one surface exposed to the environment (microvilli), the other to connective tissue(basal lamina + recticular lamina = basement membrane), forms interface,
• glandular:secretes substances
• functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception
• avascular, innervated, high regenerative capacity
• named by layers: simple, pseudostratified,, and shape: squamos, cubodial, columnar

Question 2

simple squamos

Answer 2

flattened, fried egg appearance due to disc shaped nucleus, thin permeable/ kidney glomerus, lung air sacs, lining of heart and blood and lymphatic vessels. lining of body cavities/ diffusion, filtration, secretion

Question 3

simple cuboidal

Answer 3

cubed shaped. round nucleus/ kidney tubules, ducts and secretory part of small glands, ovary surface/ secretion, absorption

Question 4

simple columnar

Answer 4

tall, oval or round nucleus, some have cilia on surface, some have goblet cells within/ nonciliated: digestive tract lining, gallbladder, ciliated: small bronchi, uterinetube, uterus/ nonciliated: absorption, secretes mucusor enzymes,, ciliated: push mucus or egg

Question 5

pseudostratified columnar

Answer 5

single layer, varying height, nuclei at different levels, some have cilia on surface, some have goblet cells within/ nonciliated: sperm carrying ducts, ciliated: trachea, respiratory tract/ ciliated secretes mucus, pushes mucus

Question 6

stratified squamos

Answer 6

basal cells: cubioidal. columnar (mitosis) surface cells: flattened, (dead) keratinized or nonkeratinized/ keratinized: skin epidermis nonkeratinized: mouth, esophagus, vagina/ Protection from abrasion

Question 7

transitional

Answer 7

surface: squamos or cuboidal, depending on stretch, base cuboidalor columnar/ ureter, bladder, urethra/ allows stretching for urine

Question 8

endocrine gland:

Answer 8

ductless, secretes hormones into bloodstream

Question 9

exocrine gland

Answer 9

has ducts, secrete chemical onto body surfaces or into body cavities, types: mucous, sweat, oil, salivary, liver(produces bile), pancreas(produces digetive enzymes)

Question 10

unicellular gland

Answer 10

single cell, goblet cell, produces mucin

Question 11

multicellular gland

Answer 11

many sells, duct, secretory unit, simpe(unbranched duct), compound(branched ductO, tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar

Question 12

merocrine

Answer 12

secretes by exocytosis(secretory vesicles), pancreas, sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland

Question 13

holocrine

Answer 13

cells break open to release chemicals (mitosis replaces destroyed cells), sebaceous gland, apocrine gland

Question 14

cutaneous

Answer 14

keratinized straified squamos epithelium, protection

Question 15

mucous

Answer 15

nonkeratinized stratified squamos epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, found in systems that have outside openings, absorption, secretion

Question 16

serous

Answer 16

simple squamos epithelium(mesothelium) , produces serous fluid to lubricate: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum