Unit 1 : Nucleosynthesis: The Beginning Of Elements Flashcards
(21 cards)
Big Bang Theory
Big Bang Theory - The big bang theory is a cosmological model that explains how the universe began. It suggests that the universe started its expansion about 13.7 billion years ago based on the latest calculations.
Cosmology
- the body of science that studies the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.
explains the origin of universe and life based on the religious beliefs of a specific tradition
Religious or mythological cosmology
Cosmology
The concept of creatio ex nihilo ; Latin for “creation out of nothing
Cosmology
God creating the universe as written in the book of Genesis
The universe began as a _____ or a point containing all ___, ___, ___, and ___.
The universe began as a singularity or a point containing all space, time, matter, and energy.
It expanded rapidly in nothingness through a rapid yet peaceful process called _____.
inflation.
What process caused the rapid expansion of the universe in its early stages?
It expanded rapidly in nothingness through a rapid yet peaceful process called inflation.
What is Singularity?
an area predicted to be in the core of a black hole with very high temperature and density, in a hot dense state
A soup of matter in the form of subatomic particles was formed, and nuclei of light atoms were created via ___ or nuclear fusion between protons and neutrons.
nucleosynthesis or nuclear fusion
Electrons interacted with these nuclei to form actual, primordial atoms via the process of ___.
Electrons interacted with these nuclei to form actual, primordial atoms via the process of recombination.
Big Bang Theory Proponents
- Vesto Slipher and Carl Wilhelm Wirtz (1910)
- Georges Lemaître (1927)
- Edwin Hubble (1929)
- Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias (1965)
- Modern astronomy (2014)
Vesto Slipher and Carl Wilhelm Wirtz (1910)
• Measurement of redshift
• Observed that most spiral galaxies were moving away from the earth
Georges Lemaítre (1927)
• Proposed alternative idea that the universe is expanding
Significance of Redshift
Redshift is a crucial tool for astronomers to:
• Measure the expansion of the universe (Hubble’s Law)
• Estimate the distance to distant galaxies
• Study the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies
• Investigate the presence of black holes
Edwin Hubble (1929)
• Calculated distances between the earth and several galaxies using redshift of light
• Observed distant galaxies were moving away from the Earth and one another
Edwin Hubble’s Law
The relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the universe is in proportion to their distance from Earth.
Modern Astronomy (2014)
Universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old with 5% of its composition existing as ordinary matter
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN)
also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, is the process of producing the light elements during the big bang expansion
It yields two stable isotopes of hydrogen, two isotopes of helium, some lithium atoms, and beryllium isotopes
What was the most abundant meteorite class, constituting more than 85 percent of meteorite falls.
Chondrites
