unit 1 overview pt1

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

studying the mind by looking at what its made of

Edward Titchener coined the term “Structuralism”

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

studying the mind’s functions

William James

Question 3

Psychoanalytic Theory

also called psychdynamic

Answer 3

people using this perspective believe that the unconscious mind controls much of our thought and actions.

Freud and Jung

Unconscious, Id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, archetypes

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

focuses on observable stimuli and responses. behavior is shaped by the environment

John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner

classical and operant conditioning

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

asking a person to oberserve themselves thinking

which isnt effective and could lead to confusion

Question 6

stimuli

Answer 6

environmental events

Question 7

responses

Answer 7

physical reactions

Question 8

reinforcement

Answer 8

environmental stimuli that either encourages or discourage certain responses

B.F. Skinner included this idea to Behaviorism

Question 9

electic

Answer 9

using many different perspectives

Question 10

Humanist Perspective

Answer 10

people who use this perspective stress individual choice and free will (A person’s desire to achieve
growth and personal potential,
each person in unique, free will.)

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

self-actualization and client-centered therapy

Question 11

deterministic behaviorists

Answer 11

people who theorize that all behaviors are caused by past conditioning

Question 12

the belief that are choices are guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs.

Answer 12

the humanistic perspective

Question 13

Biological

biopsychology or neuroscience

Answer 13

explains human thought and behavior stricy in terms of biological processes

sperry, olds

genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

Question 14

Evolutionary

Answer 14

examines human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection

darwin

similar and a sorta subset of biopsychology

Question 15

Cognitive

Answer 15

examines human thought and processes in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events

Piaget and Chomsky

focuses on how we store, process, and use info like a computer

Question 16

Social-cultural

sociocultural

Answer 16

examines out thoughts and behaviors by seeing how they very between cultures. emphasizes the influence culture has on the way we think and act.

Question 17

Psychiatrists

Answer 17

Medical doctors (M.D.s) and prescribe medicince to treat biological disorders

Question 18

hindsight bias

Answer 18

“i knew it all along”

Question 19

applied research

Answer 19

apply research to practical things (real-world applications)

Question 20

basic research

Answer 20

sorta just like doing research for fun, questions of interest, (non-real-world applications)

Question 21

Overconfidence

Answer 21

when we are more confident that we know something than we are correct

Question 22

theory

Answer 22

tries to explain a phenomenon (big bang, evolution)

Question 23

hypothesis

Answer 23

it expresses a relationship between two variable ( a prediction that can be tested)

Question 24

operational definition