Unit 1: periodic table

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element that can retain the properties of that element.

Question 2

What are atoms name up of?

Answer 2

Atoms are made up of sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

Question 3

What must scientists do when new evidence is discovered?

Answer 3

When new evidence is discovered, scientists must change or replace the existing scientific model to include this evidence.

Question 4

What was the Billiard Ball Model?

Answer 4

Atoms are solid, invisible spheres.

Question 5

Who came up with the Billiard Ball Model?

Answer 5

John Dalton

Question 6

What was the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 6

An atom is a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout.

Question 7

Who came up with the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 7

JJ Thompson

Question 8

What was the Nuclear Model?

Answer 8

An atom is mostly empty space with a positive nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Question 9

Who came up with the Nuclear Model and what did he discover?

Answer 9

Rutherford + he discovered the nucleus.

Question 10

What experiment discovered the nucleus and how?

Answer 10

The gold foil experiment. Positively charged particles were fired at thin gold foil. Most passed through, but some were deflected, showing that atoms have a small, dense nucleus.

Question 11

What was the Bohr Model?

Answer 11

atoms orbit around a nucleus in shells at fixed distances with fixed energies.

Question 12

Who came up with the Bohr Model?

Answer 12

Niels Bohr

Question 13

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 13

James Chadwick

Question 14

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 14

0.1 nm

Question 15

What does an atom consist of?

Answer 15

An atom consists of a nucleus located at the centre of the atom containing positive protons and neutral neutrons with negative electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells.

Question 16

What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?

Answer 16

Relative charge: +1 Relative mass: 1

Question 17

What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?

Answer 17

Relative charge: 0 Relative mass: 1

Question 18

What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?

Answer 18

Relative charge: -1 Relative mass: very small

Question 19

What is the atomic number?

Answer 19

The number of protons in the atom

Question 20

What is the mass number?

Answer 20

The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Question 21

How can you tell which the mass and atomic numbers are on a periodic table?

Answer 21

The mass number will usually have digits, and the atomic number will be a whole number.

Question 22

What does atomic number also tell us about an atom?

Answer 22

The number of electrons. The number of protons and electrons in an atom are the same.

Question 23

What charge do atoms have?

Answer 23

No charge – they are neutral.

Question 24

Where is most of the mass in an atom located and why?

Answer 24

Most of the mass in an atom is located in its nucleus. This is because electrons are very light.

Question 25

What is an isotope?

Answer 25

As isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 26

What are the chemical properties like of an isotope?

Answer 26

The chemical properties of an isotope are identical to its atom version. This is because the protons are the same.

Question 27

What defines an element?

Answer 27

The number of protons define an element-- this is because atomic number determines the element.

Question 28

What is an ion?

Answer 28

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Question 29

What do you call a positive ion?

Answer 29

A cation

Question 30

What do you call a negative ion?

Answer 30

An anion

Question 31

When does an atom become a positive ion?

Answer 31

When it loses electrons.

Question 32

When does an atom become a negative ion?

Answer 32

When it gains electrons.

Question 33

What type of ion do metals form?

Answer 33

Metals form postive ions.

Question 34

What type of ion do non-metals form?

Answer 34

Non-metals form negative ions.

Question 35

How are electrons arranged around the nucleus?

Answer 35

Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in shells.

Question 36

Why are electrons on further (outer )shells easier to remove?

Answer 36

Electrons in different shells have different amounts of energy. The further an electron is from the nucleus, the easier it is to remove.

Question 37

What number of electrons does the first, second and third shell contain?

Answer 37

First- 2, Second- 8, Third- 8

Question 38

What rule do you have to follow when filling shells?

Answer 38

When filling shells, you must start with the lowest energy shell, and each shell must be completely full before moving on.

Question 39

What is the electron structure?

Answer 39

The electron structure is a simpler way to show how many electrons are in each shell. It is written as the number of electrons in shell 1, then shell 2, then shell 3, etc.

Question 40

What is an element?

Answer 40

An element is a substance made of only one type of atom.

Question 41

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 41

The periodic table is arranged in order of atomic number.

Question 42

Why is it called the periodic table?

Answer 42

It is called the periodic table because similar properties occur at regular intervals.

Question 43

What are the vertical columns called in the periodic table?

Answer 43

The vertical columns are called groups.

Question 44

What are the horizontal rows called in the periodic table?

Answer 44

The horizontal rows are called periods.

Question 45

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 45

All the elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, which gives them similar chemical properties.

Question 46

What do elements in the same period have in common?

Answer 46

All the elements in the same period have the same number of shells.

Question 47

How was the periodic table organised by Lavoisier?

Answer 47

Lavoisier organised the table into substances which he thought were elements because they couldn't be broken down.

Question 48

How was the periodic table organised by John Newlands?

Answer 48

He arranged the elements in order of their relative atomic weight.

Question 49

What pattern did John Newlands find in his periodic table?

Answer 49

Elements had similar properties in the vertical columns (groups). These similar properties repeated themselves every eighth element.

Question 50

What was the problem with John Newlands periodic table?

Answer 50

Not all the elements had been discovered, and he strictly organised them by atomic weight, so some elements were put in inappropriate groups.

Question 51

How was the periodic table organised by Mendeleev?

Answer 51

Mendeleev also put his elements in order of atomic weight. However, unlike newlands, he left gaps for elements he thought hadn't been discovered, and (in some places) changed the order based on chemical properties and reactivity.

Question 52

How was Mendeleev's table proven true?

Answer 52

He predicted the properties of the elements that would fill the gaps he left. When these elements were discovered, his predicted properties were correct.

Question 53

Do metals get more or less reactive down a group?

Answer 53

Metals get more reactive down a group.

Question 54

Do non-metals get more or less reactive down a group?

Answer 54

Non-metals get less reactive down a group.

Question 55

What happens as you move left to right across a period?

Answer 55

Atoms gain more protons, so they have a stronger attraction to electrons.

Question 56

How does the reactivity of metals and non-metals change across a period and why?

Answer 56

reactivity of metals decrease (because they react by losing electrons), and reactivity of non-metals increases (because they react by gaining electrons).