Unit 1 - Programming Basics

Question 1

&& (and)

Answer 1

The boolean && operator takes two arguments and returns false unless both inputs are true.

Question 2

|| (or)

Answer 2

The boolean || operator outputs true if either inputs are true (or both).

Question 3

= operator

Answer 3

The = operator (equal sign) is an assignment operator that is used to assign values to variables.

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

A logical step-by-step plan that we need to build for solving a problem.

Question 5

Argument

Answer 5

An argument is the actual value(s) that is being passed into the method when it is being called.

Question 6

Boolean Expression

Answer 6

A boolean expression is an expression whose value, when evaluated, is either true or false.

Question 7

Boolean Operators

Answer 7

Boolean operators (also known as logical operators) allow us to build and combine more complex boolean expressions from more basic expressions.

Question 8

Bytecode

Answer 8

An intermediary step for code conversion between the programming language that you write and the machine code that a computer uses.

Question 9

Chained Conditional

Answer 9

A chained conditional is a conditional statement with a series of alternative branches.

Question 10

Comments

Answer 10

The // (double forward slash) is used in Java code to identify a comment. Commented lines of code are ignored by the compiler during run time. A programmer adds comments throughout the code to explain how the program or function works.

Question 11

Comparison Operator

Answer 11

A comparison operator is one of a group of operators that compares two values. These include ==, !=, >, <, >=, and <=.

Question 12

Compiler

Answer 12

A compiler scans an entire program and attempts to convert the whole program at once to machine code.

Question 13

Concatenate

Answer 13

Joining two strings together using the addition (+) operator.

Question 14

Condition

Answer 14

A condition is a boolean expression in a conditional statement that determines which branch is executed.

Question 15

Corner case

Answer 15

Value you are testing is in between two edge cases.

Question 16

Data Type (or Type)

Answer 16

The type of data that a variable can store.

Question 17

Debugging

Answer 17

The process of testing and fixing errors in the code.

Question 18

Development Life Cycle

Answer 18

A high-level process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an application.

Question 19

Distributed Language

Answer 19

A programming language, like Java, that is designed to run on computer networks.

Question 20

Edge case

Answer 20

Values that are at the end of a testing range.

Question 21

Escape Sequences

Answer 21

Special characters that are specified using a backslash () followed by a letter. These help Java indicate the character that controls the display of information on the screen.

Question 22

Exceptions

Answer 22

Errors detected during execution (running of the code) are called exceptions.

Question 23

Identifier

Answer 23

An identifier is a name for the variable.

Question 24

Initialization

Answer 24

The providing of an initial value of a variable when it is declared.

Question 25

Input

Answer 25

Ways a program gets its data; user input through the keyboard, mouse, or other device.

Question 26

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Answer 26

A text editor that has additional functionality to allow developers to perform some additional tasks to simplify the workflow of the development process.

Question 27

Interior test

Answer 27

Test values that are within a specific range where the precise values that we entered within that range did not matter.

Question 28

Interpreter

Answer 28

An interpreter takes the bytecode one line at a time and converts it to machine code.

Question 29

Java Keywords

Answer 29

A reserved word with a predefined meaning in the programming language.

Question 30

Libraries/Library

Answer 30

Prewritten code collections that you can use when developing a program.

Question 31

Literal String

Answer 31

A series of characters that are combined together.

Question 32

Logic Error

Answer 32

An error in the logical design of the program that causes it to behave incorrectly, producing incorrect results. Also known as semantic errors. Logic errors are not detectable by the Java compiler.

Question 33

Machine Code

Answer 33

The computer uses 0s and 1s to perform tasks.

Question 34

Method

Answer 34

Methods are a piece of code that runs when it is called. We have the ability to pass in data into those functions which are called parameters.

Question 35

Method Definition

Answer 35

The method definition is the first line when we create a new function to be used in a program.

Question 36

Modulus Operator (%)

Answer 36

The modulus operator returns the remainder of the two numbers after division. It is represented in Java by the (%) symbol.

Question 37

Nested selection statement

Answer 37

A selection statement that appears in one of the branches of another conditional statement.

Question 38

Object

Answer 38

An object is an instance of a class that has properties and methods that are encapsulated or part of it.

Question 39

Object-oriented Programming Language (OOP)

Answer 39

A particular way of organizing programs by dividing them into separate modules, called objects, that encapsulate the program’s data and operations.

Question 40

Output

Answer 40

The results at the end of a program based on user input and system processing.

Question 41

Parameter

Answer 41

A parameter is the actual variable name(s) when we define a function definition.

Question 42

Platform Independent

Answer 42

A Java program can be run on virtually any computer system platform including MacOS and Windows.

Question 43

Primitive Data Types

Answer 43

These data types are built into the Java programming language.

Question 44

Processing

Answer 44

Takes the data inputs and prompts and calculates the results.

Question 45

Program

Answer 45

A sequence of computer language statements that have been crafted to do something.

Question 46

Pseudocode

Answer 46

English-like statements that describe the steps in a program or algorithm.

Question 47

Selection Statement

Answer 47

A selection statement is a statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition.

Question 48

Short-Circuit Evaluation

Answer 48

Short-circuit evaluation is when the evaluation of a logical expression stops because the overall value is already known.

Question 49

Stack Trace

Answer 49

A stack trace is a list of Java objects and methods that are involved in an error at runtime and are printed to the screen when an exception occurs.

Question 50

String

Answer 50

A data type that can store a literal string as a value.

Question 51

Syntax

Answer 51

The syntax is the “grammar” rules of the programming language. Each programming language (like Python) has its own syntax.

Question 52

Syntax Error

Answer 52

An error that breaks one of Java’s syntax rules and is detectable by the Java compiler.

Question 53

Testing

Answer 53

Identify errors, or bugs, in the code.

Question 54

Truth Table

Answer 54

A truth table is a small table that lists every possible input value and gives results for the operators.

Question 55

Value

Answer 55

One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.

Question 56

Variable

Answer 56

A named memory location that has the ability to hold various distinct values as different points in time in the program.

Question 57

Virtual Machine

Answer 57

A software program that behaves like a completely separate computer within an application.

Question 58

boolean

Answer 58

A boolean data type consisting of a value of either true or false.

Question 59

float

Answer 59

A numeric data type referring to a floating-point number. It is a number that can be positive or negative and uses decimal values.

Question 60

int (integer)

Answer 60

A numeric data type consisting of an integer or a whole number. It can either be a positive or a negative number, but it does not have any decimals.

Question 61

not Boolean Operator

Answer 61

The not boolean operator (in Java represented by !) works with one argument and returns the opposite truth value of the argument.

Question 62

print( ) and println()

Answer 62

Methods that allow Java to output content to the Shell (screen). The println() method adds a new line at the end of the output.

Question 63

try and catch Statements

Answer 63

The idea of the try and catch statements is that you know that some sequence of instruction(s) may have a problem and you want to add some statements to be executed if an error occurs. These extra statements (the catch block) are ignored if there is no error.