Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration

Question 1

Italian poet and humanist scholar, discovered work by Cicero

Answer 1

Petrarch

Question 2

Italian humanist and philologist proved Donation of Constantine was a fake

Answer 2

Lorenzo Valla

Question 3

Italian humanist, historian and leader of Florence. Prompted civic humanism.

Answer 3

Leonardo Bruni

Question 4

Italian humanist, historian and secular political theorist (The Prince)

Answer 4

Niccolò Machiavelli

Question 5

Italian humanist whose work outlined the ideal Renaissance courtier (Book of the Courtier)

Answer 5

Baldassare Castiglione

Question 6

Italian humanist who promoted individualism (Oration on Dignity of Man)

Answer 6

Pico della Mirandola

Question 7

Dutch Chrisitan humanist who criticised corruption in Church and State with Adages and challenged Church authority
with new latin bible translation.

Answer 7

Erasmus

Question 8

English Christian humanist who corresponded with Erasmus, wrote Utopia and opposed the Reformation in England

Answer 8

Thomas Moore

Question 9

German craftsman who developed a process of making movable type and the printing press

Answer 9

Guthenberg

Question 10

Known as the ‘Warrior Pope’, he enlarged the Vatican states and was a patron to Michelangelo

Answer 10

Pope Julius II

Question 11

New monarch who defeated most powerful and independent of French nobles Charles the Bold of Burgundy

Answer 11

Louis XI of France

Question 12

New monarch who continued the sale of office to raise revenue, increased state bureaucracy and made
Concordat of Bologna with pope.

Answer 12

Francis I

Question 13

New monarch victor in War of the Roses and first Tudor monarch. Increased the power of the English
monarchy by outlawing private armies and careful use of government finance.

Answer 13

Henry VII of England

Question 14

New monarch, broke with the authority of the pope to empower himself to become head of Church in
England. Closed monasteries of England.

Answer 14

Henry VIII of England

Question 15

New monarchs in Spain. Supported by the powerful Hermandad of cities and towns.
Ended religious toleration, expelled Jews and Muslims, established Spanish Inquisition.

Answer 15

Isabella of Castile+Ferdinand of Aragon

Question 16

Portuguese leader who promoted use of caravel ships, exploration of Western Africa and the islands of the
Atlantic Ocean.

Answer 16

Henry the Navigator

Question 17

Italian born explorer, funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, landed on the island of Hispaniola while
attempting to find a route to India.

Answer 17

Christopher Columbus

Question 18

Portuguese sailor and first European to round the southern tip of Africa

Answer 18

Bartolomeu Dias

Question 19

Portuguese sailor and the first European to reach India by sea

Answer 19

Vasco da Gama

Question 20

Portuguese explorer who planned and led a Spanish funded expedition to circumnavigate the world

Answer 20

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 21

1455

Answer 21

Gutenberg bible printed

Question 22

1462

Answer 22

Platonic Academy formed in Florence

Question 23

1494

Answer 23

Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 24

1522

Answer 24

Spanish circumnavigation of the world

Question 25

1527

Answer 25

Sack of Rome by Charles V

Question 26

Civic humanism

Answer 26

Using ideas from ancient greece and rome

Question 27

Christian humanism

Answer 27

self-fulfillment of humanity within the frameworkof christian principles

Question 28

Philology

Answer 28

The study of language and literature from written documents

Question 29

Naturalism

Answer 29

Renaissance art movement depicting nature and humans realistically

Question 30

Vernacular

Answer 30

Common language spoken by the people, not latin

Question 31

New monarchy

Answer 31

Powerful centralised monarchies that emerged during the Renaissance

Question 32

Mercantilism

Answer 32

Economic belief the wealth of countries is linked to the accumulation of gold and silver reserves

Question 33

Columbian exchange

Answer 33

The exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo pher Columbus in 1492

Question 34

Commercial revolution

Answer 34

Growth of urban centers and money based economy from 1450-1650

Question 35

Subsistance agriculture

Answer 35

peasants producing just enough food to feed themselves and their family (no surplus to sell)