Unit- 1 Reproduction Flashcards
(50 cards)
List 2 types of reproduction
Asexual and sexual
What is the purpose of reproduction?
To make sure a species can continue
What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the process of which an organism creates others of its same kind
What is asexual reproduction?
Is when a new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from ONE organism
What are the basics of asexual reproduction?
- is the simplest for of reproduction
- occurs in plants, simple animals, bacteria, and protists
- requires on parent
- is more reliable than sexual reproduction
- doesn’t allow for any type of genetic variation
What are the 3 types of asexual reproductions?
- Budding
- Regeneration
- Fusion ( binary fission)
What is budding?
A process in which a new duplicate plant or animal begins to form on the outside of the parent and enlarges until a individual is created
Examples: yeast and hydra
What is regeneration?
The ability to restore lost or damaged tissue, organs, and limbs
Common feature in invertebrates like star fish and worms no vertebrates have this ability
What is binary fission?
Is when organisms divide in half creating two daughter cells half the size of the parents until the daughter cells grow and divide too
Ex: bacteria
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is when the egg and sperm join to form a entirely new organism
Sexual reproduction requires two sex cells a egg and sperm and is different from the parent organism
What are the two types of sexual reproduction?
Eternal fertilization and internal fertilization
What does external fertilization mean?
A sperm cell unties with a egg cell in the open rather than inside specialized organs within the bodies of the parents
What does internal fertilization mean?
Takes place inside the female after insemination through copulation
What are some examples of both internal and external fertilization?
Internal : most often in land animals but some aquatic animals use this method ex: mammals,birds, and most amphibians
External: nearly all fish, crustaceans squid,mollusks, and echinoderms
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction result in off spring identical to the parent while as sexual reproduction results in Spring that is genetically different from the parent organism
List 3 advantages of asexual reproduction?
- Easy and fast to grow ( grow population quickly )
- No energy spent attracting a mate, creating gametes, raising young
- Great in a stable environment
List 2 disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
- Lack of genetic diversity mutations stick around
2. Not able to survive changing environments
List 2 advantages of sexual reproduction?
- Genetic diversity that allows for evolution
2. More likely to survive changing environments
List 2 disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
- Population does not grow as fast
2. A lot of energy spent in attracting mates, creating gametes, and raising young
What are the basic building blocks of life?
Both plants and animals are made up of cells these cells contain many of the same organelles but their are differences
What is the cell wall?
Plant cells have cell walls: they are rigid frames around the cell that provide strength, protection, and support
They have membranes
What is chloroplast?
Plant cells have chloroplast which contains the substance chlorophyl which uses solar energy to preform photosynthesis
Chloroplast contains stacks, of grana, of little sacs called thylakoids
What is a vacuole?
Although both plants and animals have a vacuole the plant cell has a larger central vacuole that stores water for the cell
What is the Mitochondria?
The factories of the cell
