Unit 1 Respiratory

Question 1

Functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

-exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood
-regulation of pH
-protection from inhaled pathogens and substances
-sense of smell
-vocalization
-supply blood with O2 and get rid of CO2

Question 2

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 2

inspiration-air into lungs
expiration-air out of lungs

Question 3

External respiration

Answer 3

O2 moves from lungs to blood; CO2 moves from blood to lungs

Question 4

Transport of respiratory gases

Answer 4

transport in blood, works with cardiovascular system

Question 5

Internal respiration

Answer 5

O2 moves from blood to tissue; CO2 moves from tissue to blood

Question 6

Upper Respiratory Structure

Answer 6

-nose and nasal cavity
-paranasal sinuses
-pharynx

Question 7

Upper Respiratory Function

Answer 7

Conditions air, filters, warms and humidifies

Question 8

Mucosa

Answer 8

lines the lumen of all organs that open to the outside of the body
-consist of epithelium and loose areolar CT under epithelium called the lamina propria

Question 9

Mucociliary Escalator

Answer 9

-goblet cells produce and release mucous into ari passageways
-cilia on epithelial cells move mucus with trapped particles toward the pharynx and get swallowed
-seromucous glands below mucosa produce watery mucous and release it through ducts to surface

Question 10

Nasal Cavity

Answer 10

Conducts air from nasal vestibule to nasopharynx
-first line of defense

Question 11

Nasal conchae

Answer 11

increases surface area of mucosa

Question 12

Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct

Answer 12

drains through small openings into nasal cavity
-sneeze reflex
-sense of smell

Question 13

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 13

lines the most superior surface of nasal cavity and contains olfactory neurons extending through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 14

Respiratory Mucosa

Answer 14

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 15

Pharynx

Answer 15

skeletal muscle tube connecting nasal cavity and oral cavity to esophagus

Question 16

Nasopharynx

Answer 16

-posterior to nasal cavity
-passage of air
-respiratory mucosa
-pharyngeal tonsil
-opening of eustachian tube to middle ear

Question 17

Oropharynx

Answer 17

-posterior to oral cavity
-passage of air and food
-stratigied squamous epithelium
-palatine and lingual tonsils

Question 18

Laryngopharynx

Answer 18

-posterior to larynx
-passage of air and food
-stratified squamous epithelium
-food goes posteriorly into esophagus
-air passes anteriorly into larynx and lower respiratory system

Question 19

Lower Respiratory System Structure

Answer 19

-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tree
-alveoli
-lungs
-pleura

Question 20

Epiglottis

Answer 20

-elastic cartilage covered by mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium
-during swallowing the epiglottis closes over opening of larynx

Question 21

Vestibular Fold (false vocal cord)

Answer 21

ridge of tissue

Question 22

Vocal Fold (true vocal cord)

Answer 22

-formed by underlying vocal ligaments
-vibrates when air moves across
-force of air determines loudness
-tension on ligaments determines pitch
-only true vocal cords produce sound

Question 23

Glottis

Answer 23

Opening between vocal folds
-wide glottis= more air flow to trachea
-narrow glottis=less airflow to trachea