Unit 1: Roots and Branches- The History and Approaches of Psychology

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

What is the biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 2

An approach in psychology that combines nature and nurture.

Question 3

Dualism

Answer 3

The belief that the mind and body function as two separate entities, and the mind will continue to live after the body has died.

Question 4

Rationalism

Answer 4

Belief that all ideas are innate (with us from the moment we’re born) and we need to use our powers of reason and logic to develop thoughts.

Question 5

Monism

Answer 5

The belief that the mind and body are one entity

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

Belief that ideas can only be developed through experience

Question 7

Thesis

Answer 7

Someone’s statement of an opinion

Question 8

Antithesis

Answer 8

An alternative belief or opinion of different perspective

Question 9

Synthesis

Answer 9

Selective combining of opinions to resolve differing opinions

Question 10

Atheoretical

Answer 10

Without theory

Question 11

What do we use today that came from Socrates?

Answer 11

The Socratic Method

Question 12

Introspection

Answer 12

self-analysis

Question 13

Law of Effect

Answer 13

Idea that rewarded behaviors will occur more frequently and punished behaviors will occur less frequently

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

Strong emphasis on the concrete, observable aspects of human beings

Question 15

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 15

Focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind

Question 16

Humanism

Answer 16

Focuses on free will, self-esteem, and overall human potential

Question 17

Cognitivism

Answer 17

Focuses on an individual’s thoughts

Question 18

Biological Approach

Answer 18

Examines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological and physical point of view

Question 19

Physiological Approach

Answer 19

Focuses on biological make up, and the events that occur in our bodies that cause our behavior.

Question 20

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 20

Focuses on the social environment surrounding the individual

Question 21

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 21

Looks at how humans adapt and change with society, and how it influences their psyche

Question 22

Psychometrics

Answer 22

Study and measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 23

Applied Research

Answer 23

Methodology used to solve a specific issue affecting an individual or group.

Question 24

What did Wilhelm Wundt help to establish?

Answer 24

The structuralist school of thought

Question 25

Functionalism

Answer 25

Belief that humans are actively engaged in sensations and thoughts- NOT passively.

Question 26

Who helped to establish functionalism?

Answer 26

William James

Question 27

Associationism

Answer 27

Examines how ideas can become linked in our head to result in learning

Question 28

Who was one of the earliest associationists?

Answer 28

Herrmann Ebbinghaus

Question 29

What was Edward Lee Thorndike best known for?

Answer 29

The law of effect

Question 30

Eclectic approach

Answer 30

Having more than one perspective that you believe in

Question 31

What did Ivan Pavlov do?

Answer 31

Conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell

Question 32

Who is the founder of classical conditioning?

Answer 32

Ivan Pavlov

Question 33

What is John B. Watson known for?

Answer 33

Notorious for Little Albert experiment, where he conditioned a child to fear a rat.

Question 34

BF Skinner is the founder of...

Answer 34

operant conditioning

Question 35

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 35

A system of conditioning that uses punishers and reinforcers to change behavior

Question 36

Sigmund Freud

Answer 36

Focused on unconscious conflicts in the mind, repressed urges, symbolism in dreams, and childhood experiences.

Question 37

Idea of determinism

Answer 37

All thoughts, actions, and emotions are predetermined by the unconscious and not due to choice

Question 38

Abraham Maslow

Answer 38

Notable humanist and creator of the idea of self-actualization as well as the hierarchy of needs

Question 39

Carl Rogers

Answer 39

Notable humanist and creator of the idea of unconditional positive regard

Question 40

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 40

Emphasized the importance of having a source of unconditional support in your life to help you prosper

Question 41

Cognition

Answer 41

Refers to thoughts and thought processes, how you think, process, and store information

Question 42

Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?

Answer 42

Ulric Neisser

Question 43

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 43

the biological or physiological approach that focuses on brain chemistry, structure, function, and anomalies