Unit 1 Study Set

Question 1

Hypothesis or unproved assumption.

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

To remain alive or in existence.

Answer 2

Survive

Question 3

The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind.

Answer 3

Archaeology

Question 4

The study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils.

Answer 4

Anthropology

Question 5

Humans and human-like creatures that walk upright.

Answer 5

Hominid

Question 6

“Wise, wise humans”, a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000-200,000 years ago- first anatomically modern humans.

Answer 6

Homo sapiens sapiens

Question 7

Also called the replacement theory, this theory refers to when Homo Sapiens Sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing hominids in Europe and Asia.

Answer 7

“Out of Africa” Theory

Question 8

A sudden, radical, or complete change; and overthrow of a government.

Answer 8

Revolution

Question 9

A socially expected behavior pattern.

Answer 9

Role

Question 10

The keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis.

Answer 10

Systematic agriculture.

Question 11

A skilled worker who makes products such as weapons and jewelry.

Answer 11

Artisan

Question 12

The way of life people follow.

Answer 12

Culture

Question 13

A complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structure, religion, and art.

Answer 13

Civilization.

Question 14

6 elements of civilization?

Answer 14

Writing, religion, social structure, art, cities, government.

Question 15

A place where two rivers or streams become one.

Answer 15

Confluence

Question 16

In early urban civilizations an important and powerful person who supervised rituals aimed at pleasing the gods and goddesses.

Answer 16

Priest

Question 17

The moving of goods or people.

Answer 17

Transport

Question 18

A new idea, method, or device.

Answer 18

Invention

Question 19

A state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside.

Answer 19

City-state

Question 20

Believing in many gods.

Answer 20

Polytheistic

Question 21

A massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of that city.

Answer 21

Ziggurat

Question 22

A government established by divine authority.

Answer 22

Theocracy

Question 23

“Wedge-shaped” a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a feed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet.

Answer 23

Cuneiform

Question 24

Which inventions of the Sumerians still effect us today?

Answer 24

Wheel, bronze, sun dial, the arch.

Question 25

What math developments did the Sumerians assist with?

Answer 25

Astrology, geometry, base 60 system, time keeping

Question 26

Why was changing to farming beneficial?

Answer 26

Humans were able to start communities, and the specialization of skills.

Question 27

Earliest discovered humans?

Answer 27

Australopithecus

Question 28

What was the name of the Australopithecus discovered in northern Ethiopia?

Answer 28

Lucy

Question 29

The time before writing was developed.

Answer 29

Prehistory

Question 30

How is our prehistory studied?

Answer 30

Archeologists and Anthropologists use archeological and biological evidence.

Question 31

Who uses artifacts (objects) for their research?

Answer 31

Archaeologists

Question 32

What type of artifacts do archaeologists use?

Answer 32

Tools, weapons, art, buildings.

Question 33

Who uses fossils for their research?

Answer 33

Anthropologists

Question 34

What do anthropologists use?

Answer 34

Artifacts and human fossils.

Question 35

How do researchers date their finds?

Answer 35

Radiocarbon dating

Question 36

All living things absorb what?

Answer 36

Carbon or C-14

Question 37

How long does C-14 work for?

Answer 37

Objects no more than 50,000 years old

Question 38

How do scientists date objects 200,000 years old?

Answer 38

Thermoluminescence

Question 39

What is thermoluminescence?

Answer 39

Measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in the solid surrounding fossils and artifacts.

Question 40

Who discovered the Australopithecus?

Answer 40

Donald Johanson

Question 41

What is Homo Habilis?

Answer 41

“Handy Human”, may have used stone tools.

Question 42

When did Homo Habilis emerge?

Answer 42

2.5-1.6 million years ago

Question 43

What is Homo Erectus?

Answer 43

“Upright Human”

Question 44

When did Homo Erectus emerge?

Answer 44

1.5 million years ago.

Question 45

What was the first hominid to leave Africa?

Answer 45

Homo Erectus

Question 46

What is Homo Sapiens?

Answer 46

“Wise Humans”

Question 47

When did Homo Sapiens emerge?

Answer 47

250,000 years ago

Question 48

Who was the first hominid to master fire?

Answer 48

Homo Sapiens

Question 49

When did Homo sapiens sapiens emerge?

Answer 49

200,000-150,000 years ago.

Question 50

When did Homo Sapiens sapiens leave Africa?

Answer 50

100,000 years ago

Question 51

When did Homo Sapiens Sapiens replace Neanderthals?

Answer 51

30,000 BC

Question 52

What does Paleolithic Age mean?

Answer 52

Old Stone Age

Question 53

What was the main job of people in the Paleolithic age?

Answer 53

To find food.

Question 54

How did fire help early humans migrate?

Answer 54

Protected them from cold climates

Question 55

What helped early humans migrate?

Answer 55

The Ice Age- land bridges between Europe, Asia, and North America

Question 56

When was the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 56

8000 BC, end of the ice age

Question 57

What does Neolithic Age mean?

Answer 57

New Stone Age

Question 58

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 58

Shift from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture

Question 59

What were the oldest and biggest villages in Southwest Asia?

Answer 59

Jericho and Çaralhüyük

Question 60

Çatalhüyük had a food surplus. This led to:

Answer 60

Specialization of Labor

Question 61

What affect did the Neolithic Revolution have on gender roles?

Answer 61

Men gained a more dominant role in society as they were in charge of food

Question 62

What was the Bronze Age?

Answer 62

An age where bronze was widespread for tools

Question 63

When was the Bronze Age?

Answer 63

300 BC-1200 BC

Question 64

What was the Iron Age?

Answer 64

A period of time where iron was used for tools

Question 65

When was the Iron Age?

Answer 65

1000 BC

Question 66

What is the “land between rivers”?

Answer 66

The valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Question 67

Where was Mesopotamia?

Answer 67

Eastern end of the Fertile Crescent.

Question 68

Why was Mesopotamia a good place for crops?

Answer 68

Enriched by silt, location of the rivers, good climate

Question 69

How did the people of Mesopotamia deal with flooding, and what did this do for farming?

Answer 69

They built irrigation systems, and used the water for their crops, which led to a surplus in food

Question 70

What were the three main areas of Mesopotamia?

Answer 70

Assyria, Akkad, and Sumer

Question 71

Who created the first Mesopotamian civilization?

Answer 71

Sumerians

Question 72

What independent cities did the Sumerians establish?

Answer 72

Eridu, Ur, Uruk

Question 73

How many gods did Mesopotamia have?

Answer 73

3,000

Question 74

Who did Sumerians believe owned cities?

Answer 74

The gods and goddesses

Question 75

What were wheels invented for?

Answer 75

Transport

Question 76

What were the three main social classes in Sumerian Cities?

Answer 76

Nobles, commoners, and slaves

Question 77

What did the Sumerians use cuneiform for?

Answer 77

Keeping records, and to train scribes. They also wrote literature and epic stories