Unit 1 Summative Assessment (Chemistry of Life)

Question 1

7 properties of life

Answer 1

Order, Reproduction, Growth & Development, Energy Processing, Regulation, Environmental Response, Evolutionary Adaptation, Cells

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

All life-related things on Earth

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

Regional, physical location with its own environment (contained within Earth’s biosphere)

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

All the organisms in a given ecosystem

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

All organisms of one species in an community

Question 6

Organism

Answer 6

Individual member of a population

Question 7

Organ System

Answer 7

All the organs in an individual’s body

Question 8

Tissues

Answer 8

Biological makeup of organs

Question 9

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 9

• Single-celled organism
• Evolved first
• Simple
• Smaller than eukaryotic

-All cells contain cell membrane and DNA

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

• Plants, animals, fungi, protists
• More complex
• Contain organelles

-All cells contain cell membrane and DNA

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Nucleic Acid contains genes

• Genes are units of inheritance
• Grouped into chromosomes
• Controls activities of the cell and body

Question 12

Energy cycling

Answer 12

Inflow of sunlight energy -> producers (plants) -> calories -> consumers (animals) -> outflow of heat from metabolism

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes

Question 14

Archaea

Answer 14

Prokaryotes in extreme environments, chemical reactions are different

Question 15

Eukaraya

Answer 15

Single-celled protists & multicellular animals

Question 16

3 domains of life

Answer 16

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 17

4 kingdoms of Eukaraya

Answer 17

protista, fungi, animalia, plantae

Question 18

Natural selection

Answer 18

Individual variation + overproduction of offspring -> unequal reproductive success + accumulation favorable traits over time

Question 19

Element vs. Compound

Answer 19

Element - the most basic unit of matter that retains characteristics (atom)
Compound - molecule

Question 20

Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

Ionic - when an atom takes another atom’s electron
Covalent - when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
Hydrogen - results from hydrogen hoarding electrons, producing electrical attraction between water molecules

Question 21

Polar molecule

Answer 21

Molecule with uneven distribution of charge

Question 22

Molecular structure of water

Answer 22

Hydrogen + 2 covalently bonded Oxygens

Question 23

Solvent vs. Solute

Answer 23

Solvent - dissolving medium

Solute - substance that is being dissolved

Question 24

Cohesion vs. Adhesion

Answer 24

Cohesion is water sticking to iteself

Adhesion is water sticking to other materials

Question 25

Surface tension vs. Capillary action

Answer 25

Surface tension - water bonds together against the force of gravity (cohesion) Capillary action - water climbs up other materials (cohesion + adhesion)

Question 26

Macromolecules

Answer 26

Large molecules with complex structures

Question 27

4 Organic molecules

Answer 27

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 28

Dissolving vs. Disassociation

Answer 28

When something dissolves, the molecule is unchanged. It stays itself. When something dissociates, it breaks apart.

Question 29

Dehydration synthesis vs. Hydrolysis

Answer 29

- Dehydration synthesis is the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released. - Hydrolysis reactions use water to breakdown polymers into monomers

Question 30

Carbohydrates

Answer 30

- source of dietary energy and building blocks of plants - ends in -ose - Monosaccharides - Simple sugars (fructose, glucose) - Polysaccharides - complex sugars made by joining many monosaccharides:

Question 31

5 essential functions of Lipids

Answer 31

``` Perform essential functions: -Energy storage -Cushioning -Insulation -Cell membranes -Hormone regulation Neither macromolecules more polymers ```

Question 32

Phospholipids

Answer 32

Make up cell membranes because of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 33

Lipids - Triglycerides

Answer 33

Carbon/hydrogen chains in triglyceride tails store energy

Question 34

Saturated vs. Unsaturated fats

Answer 34

Saturated - stays in solid form (animal fat) has max amount of hydrogen Unsaturated - liquid because it has less hydrogen (causes it to bend)

Question 35

Lipids - Cholesterol

Answer 35

Synthesizes important lipid hormones | Fluid in animal cell membranes

Question 36

Lipids - steroids

Answer 36

Makes steroids and sex hormones

Question 37

Proteins: 5 functions, formation, shape

Answer 37

- Structural, storage, contractile, transport, enzymes - Made of amino acids (monomers) coming to form proteins, joined by peptide bonds. 20 different kinds of amino acids. - shape -> function

Question 38

Denaturation

Answer 38

Altering the shape of a protein, making it permanently unable to perform its function

Question 39

Starch vs. Cellulose vs. Glycogen

Answer 39

- -Starch: stores excess sugar - long unbranched chains of glucose - -Cellulose: makes up plants body - fiber - -Glycogen: stores excess sugar in animals for 24h - branched chains of glucose