Unit 1: Surfaces for exchange and the lungs Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the Bronchi?
Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles.
What are the Bronchioles?
Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.
What is cartilage?
A flexible, slightly elastic connective tissue.
What is the cartilage ring?
A flexible ring of cartilage that holds the airways open.
What is collagen?
A structural fibrous protein found in connective tissues, bones, skin and cartilage. It accounts for 30% of body protein.
What does constrict mean?
To make narrow.
What is the diaphragm?
A sheet of muscular and fibrous tissue separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
What are elastic fibres?
Long fibres of elastin protein elastin that have the ability to stretch and recoil.
What is the Epidermis?
Outer layers of cells of a multicellular organism.
What is Epithelium?
A tissue that covers the outside of a structure.
What is an exchange surface?
A specialised area adapted to make it easier for molecules to cross from one side of the surface to the other.
What are the intercostal muscles?
Muscles between the ribs, responsible for moving the rib cage during breathing.
What is mucus?
A slimy substance secreted by goblet cells in animal epithelial tissues. it is used ton protect and/or lubricate the surface on to which it is secreted.
What is pulmonary circulation?
The circulation of the blood through the lungs.
What is the smooth muscle?
A type of muscle found mostly in certain internal organs.
What is the trachea?
The windpipe leading from the back of the mouth to the bronchi.
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath when you are at rest. Approximately o.5dm^3.
What is vital capacity?
The largest volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in any one breath. Approximately 5dm^3. This varies between gender, age and health. Regular exercise increases vital capacity.
What is residual volume?
The volume of air that always remains in the lungs, even after the biggest possible exhalation. Approximately 1.5dm^3.
What is dead space?
The air in the bronchioles, bronchi and trachea. There is no gas exchange between this air and the blood.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
How much more air can be breathed in (inspired) over and above the normal tidal volume when you take in a big breath. You call on this reserve when exercising.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
How much more air can be breathed out (expired) over and above the amount that is breathed in a tidal volume breath.
