UNIT 1: terms and concepts

Question 1

LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGES?
(machine language) LLL

Answer 1

Refers to languages that sit close to the computer’s instruction set .
low means less obstruction between language and computer
it comprises of zeros and ones 01010010000

Question 2

MACHINE LANGUAGE?

Answer 2

COLLECTION OF BINARY BITS
CONSISTING OF 1 AND 0
THAT COMPUTER READS AND INTERPRET

Question 3

ASSEMBLY?

Answer 3

A PROGRAM which control or translate assembly language(uses mnmonic code/short words) into machine language

Question 4

assembler?(converter to machine language)

Answer 4

assembles(come together)the machine language in main memory and makes it easier to read for execution.

Question 5

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE?
(HLL)

Answer 5

Refers any programming language that enables development of a program in a much more user-friendly programming context and is generally independent of the computer’s hardware architecture

Question 6

HLL?
3 ADVANTAGES?

Answer 6

IT IS USER FRIENDLY
Easy to debug
EASY TO WRITE

Question 7

HLL?
3 DISADVANTAGES?

Answer 7

Execution is slow
Occupies more memory
CONVERSION IS SLOWER THAN LLL

Question 8

LLL ??
3 ADVANTAGES?

Answer 8

Programs Execute Faster
Highly efficient
There is no need for conversion

Question 9

LLL
3 DISADVANTAGES?

Answer 9

requires more time to write
Debugging the numerical values is Harder
NOT A PORTABLE LANGUAGE(MACHINE DEPENDENT)
DIFFICULT TOLEARN

Question 10

SYNTAX?

Answer 10

REFERS TO a set of rules that govern coding language
eg.a statement must end with ;

Question 11

SEMANTICS?

Answer 11

REFERS TO interpretation or meaning of the expressions,statements and program units.
eg.assignment statement is :=

Question 12

PROCEDURAL PROGRAM DESIGN (PPD)???

Answer 12

This refers to the use of code in a step wise procedure to develop programs

Question 13

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM(FP)?

Answer 13

refers to a programming paradigm(pattern/example) in which we bind everything a pure mathematical style.

Its a declarative type

Focus on what to solve instead of howto solve.

Question 14

OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGNS(OOP)?

Answer 14

Refers to a program model that organizes software design around data or objects rather than functions and logic

Focus on objects developers want to control rather than logic to manipulate them.

Question 15

PPD VS FP VS OOP?

Answer 15

PPD-FOCUS on operations rather than data.
Is reusable, modular and ideral for general purpose.
WHILE
FP-Functions are data, hence they can be declared and called in any context that a piece of data appear. has two categories impure and pure.
WHILE
OOP-maintains idea that everything can be modeled in objects.it is ideal for scale-able software systems because objects are highly reusable

Question 16

PPD VS FP VS OOP?

Answer 16

PPD-FOCUS on operations rather than data.
Is reusable, modular and ideal for general purpose.
WHILE
FP-Functions are data, hence they can be declared and called in any context that a piece of data appear. has two categories impure and pure.
WHILE
OOP-maintains idea that everything can be modeled in objects.it is ideal for scale-able software systems because objects are highly reusable

Question 17

Compiler?

Answer 17

compiler converts the whole high level language program to machine language at a time
A compiler is a software that converts programs written in a high level language into machine language

Question 18

Interpreter?

Answer 18

converts high level language program to machine language line by line
An interpreter is a software that translates a high level language program into machine language

Question 19

Assembler?

Answer 19

assembler converts assembly language program to machine language.
an assembler is a software that converts programs written in assembly language into machine language.

Question 20

BASIC DATA TYPES????

Answer 20

1.integer
2.floating point
3.character
4.string
5.Boolean
6.Enumerated type
7.Array
8.Date
9.Time
10.Date and Time
11.Time Stamp
12.literal value
13.variable

Question 21

VARIABLE???

Answer 21

Changes value

Question 22

Constant???

Answer 22

Retains same value throughout program

Question 23

Literal??

Answer 23

value Expressed as itself eg.
“hello Word”

Question 24

Real/Float/Double?

Answer 24

for numbers with fractions thus decimal points.

Question 25

Boolean?

Answer 25

True(1) or False(o) values

Question 26

Character?

Answer 26

single letter,digit pum mark,blank space

Question 27

String?

Answer 27

sequence of characters

Question 28

Algorithm?

Answer 28

a procedure or formula used for solving a problem. It is based on conducting a sequence of specified actions in which these actions describe how to do something, and your computer will do it exactly that way every time.

Question 29

FLOW CHART?

Answer 29

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm

Question 30

PSEUDOCODE?

Answer 30

Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms

Question 31

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE?

Answer 31

Analyzing, Designing, Coding, Debugging and Testing, Implementing and Maintaining Application Software DOCUMENTATION ALSO

Question 32

Differentiate between syntax and semantics

Answer 32

The syntax is the set of rules needed to ensure a sentence is grammatically correct; WHILE semantics is how one's lexicon, grammatical structure, tone, and other sentence elements come together to communicate its meaning.

Question 33

Clearly explain the SIMILARITIES between a function and a procedure

Answer 33

Functions and procedures are both types of subroutine Can both be called by name, by another part of the program?

Question 34

Clearly explain the DIFFERENCES between a function and a procedure (3 marks)

Answer 34

A function always returns a value to the main program, a procedure does not. A procedure just executes commands

Question 35

What is the difference between formal and actual parameters? (3 marks)

Answer 35

Actual parameters are those parameters that are specified in the calling function. While on the other hand, formal parameters are those parameters that are declared in the called function.