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UNIT 1: terms and concepts Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGES?
(machine language) LLL

A

Refers to languages that sit close to the computer’s instruction set .
low means less obstruction between language and computer
it comprises of zeros and ones 01010010000

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2
Q

MACHINE LANGUAGE?

A

COLLECTION OF BINARY BITS
CONSISTING OF 1 AND 0
THAT COMPUTER READS AND INTERPRET

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3
Q

ASSEMBLY?

A

A PROGRAM which control or translate assembly language(uses mnmonic code/short words) into machine language

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4
Q

assembler?(converter to machine language)

A

assembles(come together)the machine language in main memory and makes it easier to read for execution.

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5
Q

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE?
(HLL)

A

Refers any programming language that enables development of a program in a much more user-friendly programming context and is generally independent of the computer’s hardware architecture

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6
Q

HLL?
3 ADVANTAGES?

A

IT IS USER FRIENDLY
Easy to debug
EASY TO WRITE

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7
Q

HLL?
3 DISADVANTAGES?

A

Execution is slow
Occupies more memory
CONVERSION IS SLOWER THAN LLL

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8
Q

LLL ??
3 ADVANTAGES?

A

Programs Execute Faster
Highly efficient
There is no need for conversion

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9
Q

LLL
3 DISADVANTAGES?

A

requires more time to write
Debugging the numerical values is Harder
NOT A PORTABLE LANGUAGE(MACHINE DEPENDENT)
DIFFICULT TOLEARN

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10
Q

SYNTAX?

A

REFERS TO a set of rules that govern coding language
eg.a statement must end with ;

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11
Q

SEMANTICS?

A

REFERS TO interpretation or meaning of the expressions,statements and program units.
eg.assignment statement is :=

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12
Q

PROCEDURAL PROGRAM DESIGN (PPD)???

A

This refers to the use of code in a step wise procedure to develop programs

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13
Q

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM(FP)?

A

refers to a programming paradigm(pattern/example) in which we bind everything a pure mathematical style.

Its a declarative type

Focus on what to solve instead of howto solve.

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14
Q

OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGNS(OOP)?

A

Refers to a program model that organizes software design around data or objects rather than functions and logic

Focus on objects developers want to control rather than logic to manipulate them.

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15
Q

PPD VS FP VS OOP?

A

PPD-FOCUS on operations rather than data.
Is reusable, modular and ideral for general purpose.
WHILE
FP-Functions are data, hence they can be declared and called in any context that a piece of data appear. has two categories impure and pure.
WHILE
OOP-maintains idea that everything can be modeled in objects.it is ideal for scale-able software systems because objects are highly reusable

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16
Q

PPD VS FP VS OOP?

A

PPD-FOCUS on operations rather than data.
Is reusable, modular and ideal for general purpose.
WHILE
FP-Functions are data, hence they can be declared and called in any context that a piece of data appear. has two categories impure and pure.
WHILE
OOP-maintains idea that everything can be modeled in objects.it is ideal for scale-able software systems because objects are highly reusable

17
Q

Compiler?

A

compiler converts the whole high level language program to machine language at a time
A compiler is a software that converts programs written in a high level language into machine language

18
Q

Interpreter?

A

converts high level language program to machine language line by line
An interpreter is a software that translates a high level language program into machine language

19
Q

Assembler?

A

assembler converts assembly language program to machine language.
an assembler is a software that converts programs written in assembly language into machine language.

20
Q

BASIC DATA TYPES????

A

1.integer
2.floating point
3.character
4.string
5.Boolean
6.Enumerated type
7.Array
8.Date
9.Time
10.Date and Time
11.Time Stamp
12.literal value
13.variable

21
Q

VARIABLE???

A

Changes value

22
Q

Constant???

A

Retains same value throughout program

23
Q

Literal??

A

value Expressed as itself eg.
“hello Word”

24
Q

Real/Float/Double?

A

for numbers with fractions thus decimal points.

25
Boolean?
True(1) or False(o) values
26
Character?
single letter,digit pum mark,blank space
27
String?
sequence of characters
28
Algorithm?
a procedure or formula used for solving a problem. It is based on conducting a sequence of specified actions in which these actions describe how to do something, and your computer will do it exactly that way every time.
29
FLOW CHART?
Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm
30
PSEUDOCODE?
Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms
31
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE?
Analyzing, Designing, Coding, Debugging and Testing, Implementing and Maintaining Application Software DOCUMENTATION ALSO
32
Differentiate between syntax and semantics
The syntax is the set of rules needed to ensure a sentence is grammatically correct; WHILE semantics is how one's lexicon, grammatical structure, tone, and other sentence elements come together to communicate its meaning.
33
Clearly explain the SIMILARITIES between a function and a procedure
Functions and procedures are both types of subroutine Can both be called by name, by another part of the program?
34
Clearly explain the DIFFERENCES between a function and a procedure (3 marks)
A function always returns a value to the main program, a procedure does not. A procedure just executes commands
35
What is the difference between formal and actual parameters? (3 marks)
Actual parameters are those parameters that are specified in the calling function. While on the other hand, formal parameters are those parameters that are declared in the called function.