Unit 1 Test

Question 1

Government

Answer 1

The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (rules and decisions).

Example sentence: The government passed a new law to protect the environment.

Question 2

Public policy

Answer 2

The actions and decisions the government makes to solve problems or meet the needs of society.

Additional information: Public policy can include laws, regulations, and programs designed to address various issues.

Question 3

Constitution

Answer 3

A body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government.

Example sentence: The constitution of the country guarantees freedom of speech.

Question 4

Preamble

Answer 4

The introduction to the Constitution, stating its purpose and goals.

Example sentence: The Preamble of the Constitution outlines the values of the nation.

Question 5

Types of power: Legislative

Answer 5

Makes laws.

Question 6

Types of power: Executive

Answer 6

Enforces laws.

Question 7

Types of power: Judicial

Answer 7

Interprets laws.

Question 8

Characteristics of a State (Nation): Population

Answer 8

The people who live in a state.

Question 9

Characteristics of a State (Nation): Territory

Answer 9

The defined geographic area a state controls.

Question 10

Characteristics of a State (Nation): Government

Answer 10

The organization through which the state exerts its power.

Question 11

Characteristics of a State (Nation): Sovereignty

Answer 11

The ability to govern itself without outside interference.

Question 12

Theories of the Origin of the State: Divine Right

Answer 12

God gave rulers the right to govern.

Question 13

Theories of the Origin of the State: Force

Answer 13

States were created when people were forced under the control of one person or group.

Question 14

Theories of the Origin of the State: Evolutionary

Answer 14

States evolved from family structures, growing larger over time.

Question 15

Theories of the Origin of the State: Social Contract

Answer 15

People voluntarily agree to create a government for protection and order (e.g., John Locke’s ideas).

Question 16

Purposes of Government: Form a more perfect union

Answer 16

Unite the states more effectively.

Question 17

Purposes of Government: Establish justice

Answer 17

Ensure fairness and laws.

Question 18

Purposes of Government: Insure domestic tranquility

Answer 18

Maintain peace within the country.

Question 19

Purposes of Government: Provide for common defense

Answer 19

Protect the nation from external threats.

Question 20

Purposes of Government: Promote general welfare

Answer 20

Support the well-being of citizens.

Question 21

Purposes of Government: Secure blessings of liberty

Answer 21

Protect freedoms for future generations.

Question 22

Types of Government: Democracy

Answer 22

Power rests with the people.

Question 23

Types of Government: Republic

Answer 23

People elect leaders to make decisions on their behalf.

Question 24

Types of Government: Autocracy

Answer 24

One person holds absolute power.

Question 25

Types of Government: Dictatorship

Answer 25

Leader has total control, often by force.

Question 26

Types of Government: Authoritarian

Answer 26

The government controls many aspects of life, often with little freedom.

Question 27

Types of Government: Totalitarian

Answer 27

Extreme authoritarian control over every aspect of life.

Question 28

Types of Government: Monarchy

Answer 28

Rule by a king or queen.

Question 29

Types of Government: Oligarchy

Answer 29

A small group holds power.

Question 30

Types of Government: Unitary Government

Answer 30

Centralized government holds all power.

Question 31

Types of Government: Confederal Government

Answer 31

Power is held by independent states that agree to work together.

Question 32

Types of Government: Federal Government

Answer 32

Power is shared between a central government and states.

Question 33

Types of Government: Presidential Government

Answer 33

President is elected separately from the legislature.

Question 34

Types of Government: Parliamentary Government

Answer 34

The executive branch is part of the legislative branch (parliament).

Question 35

Types of Government: Anarchy

Answer 35

No government or law exists.

Question 36

Concepts of Democracy: Worth of individual

Answer 36

Every person is valuable.

Question 37

Concepts of Democracy: Equality of all persons

Answer 37

Everyone has equal rights and opportunities.

Question 38

Concepts of Democracy: Majority rule, minority rights

Answer 38

The majority makes decisions, but the rights of minorities are protected.

Question 39

Concepts of Democracy: Need to compromise

Answer 39

Democracy requires balancing different interests.

Question 40

Concepts of Democracy: Individual freedom

Answer 40

Everyone has the right to basic liberties.

Question 41

Free elections with competing political parties

Answer 41

Elections are held regularly, and multiple political parties compete to represent the people.