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Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

civics

A

study of rights and duties of citizens with an understanding of how government works

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2
Q

government

A

organized system or structure that helps run a civilization

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3
Q

sovereign

A

who holds the power

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4
Q

majority rule

A

the greater number of wins

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5
Q

majority rights

A

amendments making sure everyone has basic rights

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6
Q

government

A

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

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7
Q

public policies

A

the things a government decides to do ranging from taxes to the enviroment

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8
Q

legislative power

A

power to make laws and to frame policies

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9
Q

executive power

A

power to execute, enforce, and administer laws

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10
Q

judicial power

A

power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and settle societal disputes

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11
Q

sovereign

A

supreme and absolute power

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12
Q

Political Philosophy

A

study of ideas about what kind of relationship people should have to their society and government

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13
Q

civic virtue

A

People should be patriotic, hard working, and put others before self. Montesquieu

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14
Q

state of nature

A

condition in which there is no gov

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15
Q

federalism

A

a system of gov in which a written constitution divides the powers of gov on a territorial basis

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16
Q

division/separation of powers

A

assigns certain powers to the national gov and reserves others to the states

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17
Q

popular soverignty

A

people are the source of gov power

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18
Q

checks and balances

A

each branch holds some control over the other branches

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19
Q

judicial review

A

courts have the power to declare laws and actions unconstitutional. Established in Madbury v Madison. Can be changed by another SCOUTUS decision or amenment

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20
Q

limited government

A

constitution limits the powers of gov by specifically listing the powers it does and does not have

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21
Q

Authoritarian Gov

A

absolute monarchy, dictatorship/totalitarian, oligarchy

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22
Q

direct democracy

A

people are soverign ex. Switzerland, Ancient Greece

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23
Q

Democratic

A

democracy, republic, constitutional monarchy

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24
Q

Representative Democracy

A

citizens elect leaders to represent their rights, people and elected rep hold power, indirect democracy, governemed by a primary doc
ex. USA

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25
monarchy
one person is sovereign and power is generational
26
Constitutional Monarchy
monarch serves as symbolic, power of king/queen is shared with elected officials, constitution guarantees rights to citizens and limits power of monarchs ex UK
27
Absolute Monarchy
ruler has complete power, rule, and final say over gov does not have a constitution or has one easily changed ex Saudia arabia
28
Dictatorship/Totalitarianism
gov is highly centralized, no rights or rep for people, dictators maintain control through fear, the country's constitution is devalued because the dictator has control over it, power is usually gained in a time of economic or political turmoil ex. Nazi Germany
29
Oligarchy
government in which a small group or a few people control the gov, generational, taken over by force, oppress those who oppose the gov ex. Russia, china, Iran
30
theocracy
gov of god, God is the ultimate authority, ex. Vatican, Iran
31
Anarchy
no one is in authority, disorder, complete freedom, ex. lord of flies
32
Montesquieu
civic virtue gov should be run by good people limited republican style gov is best seperation of powers and checks and balances
33
Voltaire
separation between church and state superiority of reason tolerance protection of rights freedom of speech, press, religion, exct.
34
John Locke
state of nature natural rights (life liberty happiness) legitmate give if broken revolution
35
Rousseau
humans are good but are corrupt through society direct democracy get back freedom one has in a state of nature social contract man becomes free through obligation
36
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
37
2nd Amendment
bear own arms, maintain a militia
38
3rd Amendment
protection from quartering troops
39
4th Amendment
probable cause needed for searches and warrants
40
5th Amendment
nobody can be put on trial for serious/capitial offense without a grand jury first
41
6th Amendment
quick and public trial with an aunbiased jury with lawyers
42
7th Amendment
small claims court now handles cases under $1500
43
8th Amendment
bail can't be excessuve and no cruel and unusual punishments
44
9th Amendment
there are other rights people have that arent listed in the BOR or US Constitution which gov cannot take away
45
10th Amendment
powers not specifically listed as federal gov powers are reserved for the states and people
46
11th Amendment
prevents individuals from suing states in federal court. This amendment protects state sovereignty.
47
12th Amendment
changed how the President and Vice President are elected. It was passed due to problems in the election of 1800. Now, electors cast separate votes for President and Vice President.
48
13th Amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It marked the formal end of slavery in the United States. This amendment ensures freedom from forced labor.
49
14th Amendment
granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. It also provided equal protection under the laws and due process for all citizens. This amendment aimed to protect the civil rights of former slaves.
50
15th Amendment
granted African American men the right to vote. It prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This amendment aimed to ensure political equality for African American men.
51
16th Amendment
allowed Congress to levy an income tax. This provided the federal government with a significant source of revenue.
52
17th Amendment
established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people. Previously, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
53
18th Amendment
prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. This amendment started the Prohibition era in the United States.
54
19th Amendment
ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote.
55
20th Amendment
ratified in 1933, moved the beginning and end dates for presidential and congressional terms from March 4 and March 3 to January 20 and January 3.
56
21st Amendment
repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition.
57
22nd Amendment
limited Presidents to two terms in office. This was a response to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms as President.
58
23rd Amendment
granted residents of Washington, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections. It allocated three electoral votes to the District of Columbia.
59
24th Amendment
prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections. This aimed to eliminate a barrier that was used to restrict voting rights.
60
25th Amendment
established procedures for presidential succession and dealing with presidential disabilities. It clarifies what happens if the President is unable to perform their duties.
61
26th Amendment
lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. This amendment aimed to expand voting rights to younger citizens.
62
27th Amendment
prevents changes to Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election. This was designed to ensure that lawmakers couldn’t immediately benefit from pay raises.
63
Legislative broad power
writes and makes laws
64
Executive Broad Power
enforces laws
65
judicial broad power
interprets laws
66
What is the necessary and proper clause?
states that gov may make any additional laws to carry out its power

Gov (6 decks)

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