Unit 1 Test Review Flashcards
(42 cards)
gold the main commodity traded along the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Salt After gold, the second most traded good along the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Ghana West African empire that supplied the majority of the world’s gold from 500 CE-1400’s
Mali The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.
Black Death a global pandemic (when a disease spreads over a whole nation or world) in the 1300s when the Bubonic Plague (a disease) killed between 75 and 200 million people!
Bubonic Plague a disease that spread rapidly along the Silk Road causing the Black Death that killed 75-200 million people
state a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory. Also known as a country or nation-state.
mercantilism An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by selling more goods than they bought and obtaining large amounts of gold and silver.
Christopher Columbus An Italian explorer who was paid by Spain to discover a faster sea route to Asia. In 1492 he inadvertently “discovered” the New World.
Columbian Exchange the exchange of diseases, ideas, food, crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World that occurred after 1492.
Great Dying the devastation of Native American populations by diseases brought over from Europe through the Columbian Exchange.
colony A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
planatation A large farm where cash crops were grown. These were often worked by slaves.
Atlantic Slave Trade System The system used to trade African slaves across the Atlantic oceans to the Americas
13 colonies British colonies located along the Atlantic Ocean in North America
New World North and South America
Old World Europe, Asia, Africa
Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.
Ibn Battuta Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits across Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia
cash crops crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit
Middle Passage A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies; part of the Triangular Trade Network
Roman Empire an empire that, at its height, around 200 C.E., spanned the Mediterranean world and most of Europe; left a lasting legacy on Western civilization through its language, architecture, law, and engineering advancements
Ottoman Empire Empire that stretched across Asia, Europe, and Africa from 1299 - 1922; led by an absolute ruler known as the calips or sultan; Islam was the predominant religion; this empire conquered Constantinople in 1453 making trade more difficult for western Europe
Aztec Empire Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I; conqured many neighboring peoples in order to have a steady supply of humans to sacrifice to their gods
British Empire Formerly the United Kingdom and all the territories under its control; The largest empire at its peak inthe 1800s and 1900s included the colonies of India, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and many others
Iroquois Confederacy a group of Native American nations in eastern North America joined together under one general government; included parts of present-day Canada, New York State, the Great Lakes region, and the Ohio River Valley
Russian Empire The empire stretched from E. Europe and the Baltic Sea to Siberia and the Pacific. Founded by Ivan III, who defeated the Mongols and proclaime Moscow as the capital. This empire lasted until 1917 when the last czar was driven from power.
Kublai Khan Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather’s conquest of China
Marco Polo Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.
Compass an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.
Caravel A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.
Astrolabe An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets
Gunpowder Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century.
Cartography The science of making maps
Age of Exploration Time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China and India. Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans.
Crusades A series of holy wars fought between European Christians and Muslims over holy lands
empire
A complex political organization where a dominant central state controls weaker peripheral (outer) states.
peripheral states
Groups of peoples or regions within an empire that have less power than the central state.
feudalism
A social system in Europe developed due to fear of attacks from invaders. Under it, people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return. People could not change their ranking/position under this system.
central state
A group of people or region that has control over peripheral states within an empire.
emperor
the ruler of an empire who may have gained his/her power through hereditary rule
hereditary rule
The practice of passing leadership down through a family
Silk Road
a network of trade routes connecting China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe.
Mongol Empire
led by their first emperor, Genghis Khan, this society gained control of territory from China to Eastern Europe. This was the largest contiguous (touching) land empire in history.
culture
the customs, arts, social institutions, of a particular group of people
Genghis Khan
the founder of the Mongol Empire.
Pax Mongolica
Also known as the mongol peace. A time when global trade expanded due to the political stability provided by Mongol rulers.
Indian Ocean Trade Network
Sea based trade routes that connected Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
merchants
people who buy and sell goods; traders
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across Sahara Desert; spread Islam; land trade
