Unit 1: The Evolution of Psychology Science Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define Psychology
Psychology
( Derive from pysche= soul, logos= study)
The scientific study of mind and behavior.
Mind=private events–>thoughts and feelings we experience but no one else sees
Behavior= public events–>things we say/do that are observable to others
What is Philosophical Nativism? Provide both a Greek Philosopher and a psychologist associated.
View that some Knowledge is innate rather than acquired.
- When we think Nature; we were born with this knowledge.
Greek Philosopher: Pluto
Psychologist: Immanual Kant (1724-1804)
What is Philosophical Empiricism? Provide both a Greek Philosopher and a psychologist associated.
The view that ALL knowledge is gained through experience
- Aristotle believed that the mind was a blank slate (tabula rasa) on which experienced were written ( Nurtured)
Greek Philosopher: Aristotle
Psychologist: John Locke (1632-1704)
What is structuralism? Who invented structuralism?
Structuralism: (Wilheim Wundt (1832-1920)) approach to psychology that attempted to isolate and analysis the basic components.
–> direct an image piece by piece. What are the elements/ sense of the image?
How did Wilheim Wundt find these basic components?
Introspection (Systematic self-observation): Analysis of subjective experience by trained observers–> Report “Raw experience” instead of their interpretation.
What was a con to structuralism?
One person to another would have very different ideas about what they may see/experience.
What is functionalism? Who invented functionalism?
Functionalism ( James Angell (1869-1949)) the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environments.
What is functionalism based on?
Natural Selection (Charles Darwin (1809-1882)) theory that the features an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely that other features to be passed down in subsequent generations
How did James connect Natural selection to Functionalism?
James reasoned that if our physical characteristics evolved because they were adaptive, then the same should be true of our psychological characteristics.
What is Gesalt? What psychologist contributed to its founding?
Gestalt Psychology: (Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)) a psychology that emphasizes that we often perceive who parts rather than sum parts–> emphasized the way in which the mind created perceptual experiences.
What was the Max Wertheimer study? How did it contribute to the understanding of Gestalt psychology?
Max Wertheimer study
Interested in how people perceive motion. Longer flashes= correctly reported, short flashes= viewed as a single light moving back and forth.
Illusionary motion: occurs because the mind has theories on how the world works: theories make sense of sensory data–> exact same stimulus but saw different things. Physical stimuli= perceptual experience– whole is more that sum of its parts.
What is humanistic psychology?
Humanistic psychology:
an approach that focuses on individual approach and personal growth. It emphasizes free-will, self actualization, and the importance of a supportive environment for psychological well being.
What did humanistic psychology question?
How do healthy people develop? (Where can you grow? What do you feel? Who can you be?) (Motivation, confidence, intelligence)
What did humanistic psychology push back against?
Third force in psychology against the dysfunctional view of psychodynamics thoughts and the dehumanizing ideas in behaviorism.
What psychologist founded Psychoanalytic theory? What did they believe in?
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Believed that his patients had a childhood experience so painful that they couldn’t allow themself to remember it–> Had hidden it from consciousness: Unconsciousness–> the parts of the mind that contain information of which people are not aware.
What is the Psychoanalytic theory?
General theory that emphasized the influence of unconscious feelings, thought, and behaviors
What is Psychoanalysis ?
Theory that aims to give insight into the content of the unconscious mind–> association with words, “What is the first this that pops up upon hearing the word mother?”
Who is the father of Cognitive psychology? What is the definition of Cognitive psychology?
Ulric Nessier (1928-2012)
Cognitive psychology: Study of human information processing.
How did cognitive psychology come to be?
Development of computers; computers produce a response by processing information: appeared like learning, reasoning, and remembering. –>Correlation revolution (Ulric Nessier (1928-2012))
What is the definition of Cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychology: Study of human information processing. (Ulric Nessier (1928-2012))
Who is the founder of Behaviorism? What is the definition of Behaviorism?
Behaviorism: (John B. Watson (1878-1958): An approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behavior.
What did John B. Watson Believe in?
Thought that everything about a rat can be observed just by watching–> believed psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behavior.
What was the Ivan Pavlov experiment?
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936): Experiment for dogs associate the feeders footsteps with the arrivals of food and started salivating–> replicated it with tone– tone= stimulus, salvation= response. Building blocks of New Behaviorism.
What was the B.F Skinner experiment?
Skinner (1904-1990): Believed animals had to act on their environment to find food. Rats associated a lever with food= reward.
