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Life and Teaching > Unit 1- The Historical Context of Jesus > Flashcards

Unit 1- The Historical Context of Jesus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard for the gospels to be considered trustworthy?

A
  1. Dissimilarity- differences in the same story
  2. Coherence- similarities in the same story
  3. Multiple Attestation- story stated in multiple gospels
  4. Embarrassment-
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2
Q

What did Bart D. Ehrman say on the New Testament proving the existence of Jesus?

A

“Even though there are innumerable historical problems in the New Testament, they are not of the scope, or character to call into doubt that existence of Jesus”

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3
Q

Name the 3 categories of extra-biblical sources on Jesus

A
  1. Gentile Sources- Roman Source Tacitus: Annals 15:44, Pliny the younger Letter 10.96-97- Jesus was worshipped as God.
  2. Jewish Sources- Josephus
  3. Christian Sources
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of Evidence used for historical information

A
  1. Printed
  2. Oral
  3. Physical
  4. Written
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5
Q

What is the “Quest for The Historical Jesus”

A

An investigation started by scholars and historians, which seeks to establish the reliability of Jesus of Nazareth who lived in Jewish Palestine 4BCE- 31CE and has been underway for over 100 years.

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6
Q

What are the 4 Major periods of this “Quest”

A
  1. Old quest- 1778-1906
  2. No Quest- 1906-1953
  3. New Quest- 1953-1980
  4. Third Quest- 1980- present
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7
Q

What are the claimed Findings of the Quest

A
  1. Jesus must be studied within his jewish world
  2. There is information about Jesus as he existed in history which is lost
  3. The synoptic tradition is mixed. However, there are aspects of it which contains historically reliable material.
  4. Based on established historical standards the gospels are trustworthy.
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8
Q

What are the 4 established standards that make the gospels trustworthy?

A
  1. Dissimilarity
  2. Coherence
  3. Multiple Attention
  4. Embarrassment
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9
Q

What are the two groups of sources with info on Jesus

A
  1. The Canonical Sources

2. Extra-Biblical Sources

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10
Q

What are the canonical Sources

A
  1. Mark- Written 60-70 CE
  2. Matthew- Written 75-85 CE
  3. Luke- Written 75-85 CE
  4. John- Late 90’s CE
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11
Q

What are 3 examples of Gentile Sources of Jesus’s Existence

A

Pliny: A Roman proconsul of Bithynia 61/2-113
Tacitus: A Roman Historian, 56-117 CE
Suetonius: A Roman Historian

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12
Q

What re 3 Jewish Sources?

A

Flavius Josephus: 37-100 CE
Talmud- means study
Mishnah-

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13
Q

Non-Canonical Gospels

A

Infancy Gospels- Infancy Gospel of Thomas
Sayings Gospels- Apocryphon of James
Passion Gospels- The Acts of Pilate
Post-resurrection Dialogue Gospels- The Gospel of Mary

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14
Q

What are the 7 Stages of Jewish History

A 
Monarchy- 1000 BCE
Babylonian Exile- 587 BCE
Return from exile- 540-440 BCE
Alexander's Death- 323 BCE
The Maccabean Revolt- 168 BCE
Hasmonean Dynasty- 168 BCE
Roman Occupation- 63 BCE
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15
Q

Who are Alexander’s 4 Generals

A
  1. Selusicus
  2. Ptolemy
  3. Cassander
  4. Lysimachus
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16
Q

What is Hellenism?

A

A way of life characterized by Greek Culture, philosophy and religion

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17
Q

What are some features of Hellenism?

A
  1. One world language- Koinh= Common Greek
  2. One world economy (silver coins)
  3. City-States:
    a) Polis: framework of society
    b) Ecclesia- General Assembly
    c) Boule- City Counsel
  4. Merge of church and state
18
Q

Give 2 Greek ideologies

A

Epicureanism- a good life consists in pleasure

Stoicism- reality depends on reason

19
Q

What was Rome’s most significant Contribution to Jesus’ world/society

A

System of governance
Organized Society
legal and economic contexts

20
Q

Important Features of the Roman Society

A
  1. Stratification of People​
  2. No Upward Mobility​
  3. High Taxation ​
  4. Corruption ​
21
Q

What are some bases for stratifying Roman Society

A
  1. Citizen or Foreigner
  2. Free or Enslaved
  3. Male/Female, Married/Unmarried
22
Q

What were the contribution of the Greeks?

A

Cultural, educational and philosophical contexts

23
Q

What were the contribution of the Jews to their society?

A

Religious, ethical and moral context

24
Q

What are the elements of the caste system of Rome?

A

Senate- 300 families: Equestrian, Decurion, Respectable Populace
Free Poor- Tenant Farmers, Urban day workers, Dependents of Patrons
Destitute Poor- Orphans, Widows, The ill

25
Q

Give 3 Examples of the type of Taxes in Rome

A

Land
Military
Religious
Marriage

26
Q

True or False- Roman citizens were exempted from paying tax. Except under dire circumstances.​

A

True

27
Q

The synagogue sought to preserve the ______________, _____________, and __________ __________________ of the Jews

A

Religion
Culture
Racial Consciousness

28
Q

When was the first temple constructed?

A

960 BCE by Solomon

29
Q

When was the second temple consecrated, and expanded and by whom; when was it destroyed and by whom?

A

consecrated- 516 BCE
expanded between 20-10 BCE- by Herod the Great
Later Destroyed in 70 CE by Romans

30
Q

Name 4 Jewish Festivals

A

Passover
Atonement
Hanukkah
Purim

31
Q

What are the 4 Jewish Sects?

A
  1. Pharisees
  2. Sadducees
  3. The Essenes
  4. The Fourth Philosophy
32
Q

What is Religious Syncretism

A

The fusing of the gods. Greeka on Roman gods came to be thought of as the same

33
Q

What are some qualities of ANE gods

A
  1. gods had origins- they were born, suckled, grew to maturity, and die
  2. They existed in families
  3. Took over functions from other gods
34
Q

Greek gods vs Roman gods

A

Aphrodite Venus
Ares Mars
Zeus Jupiter

35
Q

Hierarchy of gods

A

The One God: (Zeus/Jupiter or unknown God- inaccessible to Humans)
The great gods - Aphrodite, Artemis (Diana)
Daiomonia (Demon)- Indifferent to human activities, only persuaded by cultic acts
Local Divinities- Each city had their own divinity that it worshipped. Also, families had individual gods they worshipped-
Penates (food), Lares(protection by spirits of ancestors), and Genius (guardian angel thought to reside in the head of the household)

                   Divine beings, Demigods, and Immortal Heroes: Humans who at death became gods- great men, warriors and kings etc. Demi gods- god/godess + human- Hercales
36
Q

What is the Roman name for the “Years of Peace”

A

Pax Romana

37
Q

How many wars were fought from 232BCE to 63 BCE?

A

137, but there were 200 military campaigns

38
Q

Give 3 details of Herod the Great (aka Herod the bad)

A
  1. Great builder- built Caesarea etc
  2. Expanded the Jerusalem temple- John 2:20
  3. Killed favourite wife, and sons and cousins
  4. Died in 4 BCE- Ordered hundreds to be killed so that their would be mourning at his death

Octavian: “Better to be a dog than Herod’s son”

39
Q

Name Herod’s sons

A

Archelaus- 10-year reign Son that Joseph was concerned about- Matt 2:22
Antipas- Clever, Married his brother’s wife- John spoke abt this, spread rumours about Archelaus that he was disloyal to Rome
Philip- Best of the 3, only son of Herod who was succeeded by his own

40
Q

Who was Pontius Pilate

A

26-36 CE leadership

Prefect of Judea (Prefects were set up to prevent Herod’s sons from getting full power)

41
Q

Name the Roman Emperors

A 
Augustus (Octavian) 27 BCE-14 BCE
Tiberius: 14-37 BCE
Gaius: 37-41 CE
Claudius 41-54 CE
Nero: 54-68 CE
Galba: 68 CE
Otho & Vitellius: 69 CE

there are others

42
Q

Messianic Figures (context: those who would offer deliverance from Rome) of the First Century

A

Theudas- about 47 CE
The Egyptian- about 57 CE
Ezekias: 46/47 BCE

Life and Teaching (5 decks)

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