UNIT 1: The Living Cell Flashcards
Third Year — Middle School (45 cards)
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the internal enviroment of the cell. It is an aqueous solution containing two types of funtional structures: organelles and macromolecular complexes.
What is the cell?
The cell is the smallest unit of life. In other to survive, cell have to feed on nutrients and interact with their enviroment.
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus is a membrane-bound component that surrounds the genetic material, protecting it. This material is made up of molecules that define the characteristics and activities of the cell.
What is tha plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. It separates the inside of the cell from the outside enviroment, acting as a barrrier regulating the exchange of substances with the outside enviroment.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy of the cellular metabolism. They also form certain parts of the cell which are used to built biomolecules.
What are lipids?
Lipids are the main components of the cell membranes. They are also the most efficient energy source and store up energy as reserves.
What are proteins?
Most cellular structures are made up of proteins, which are involved in regulating and performing most processes that take place in the cells.
What are nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids are also called genetic material. They define all cell’s characteristics and activities.
Organelles, what are they?
They are structures found inside of the cell that have particular functions in the eukaryotic cells, as if they were the cell’s organs. They are surrounded by a lipid membrane.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of filaments and microtubules, found everywhere in the cyotoplasm, combined to create a structure called cytoskeleton. This structure transports vesicles and organelles and is related to the movement of the cell membrane. It is a macromolecular complex.
What is a ribosome?
Ribosomes are part of the protein synthesis, they create the proteins. They are found either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating on the cytoplasm.
What are centrioles?
They are tube-like structures formed by a set of microtubules and are encharge of controling the movement of the cytoskeleton.
What are proteasomes?
They are encharge of degrading damaged or unnedded proteins. They float freely in the cytoplasm.
What is the secretory epithelia?
They are made up of cells that are specialized on producing and secreting substances to the epithelial surface. They are scattered or group together forming glands.
What are macromolecular complexes?
They are structures that lack a lipid membrane. They carry out essential processes of the cell.
What is the cell differentiation?
It is the process in which the cell acquires the morphological and physiological traits that differentiates their roles.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are vesicles surrounded by a simple membrane. They contain proteins capable of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.
What are vacuoles?
Vacuoles are large membrane-bound compartments storing mostly water and other reseverd substances. They are formed by fusing multiple vesicles.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, is a structure that is part of the protein synthesis. There are two types: the rough endoplasmic retuculum, which has ribosomes attached, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which does not have ribosomes attached to it.
What is the Golgi aparatus?
The Golgi aparatus is a series of stacked membrane-bound sacs involved in the creation of vesicles such as the lysosomes. Substances inside some of these vesicles are transported outside of the cell.
What is the Mitochondria?
The Mitochondria is a rounded, rod-like organelle with a double-membrane. Acting as energy factories, mitochondria extracts energy from organic nutrients through the process of oxidation.
What are Cilia and Flagella?
Cilia and Flagella are large appendages present in some types of cells. Their internal structure is thick and they whip about, helping the cell to move. Flagella is longer than cilia, but fewer in number.
What is the genetic material?
The genetic material is mostly made up of DNA. It ia like a manual which directs the process in which cells live, develop and rerpoduce. They also are the guidelines that allow the different types of cells to coordinate with one another and build a funtional multicellular organism.
What is the cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is a process in which the cells combine oxygen with the organic nutrients to oxidize nutrients and thus, release the chemical energy they contain.
