Unit 1 Topic 1: Properties and structure of atoms Flashcards
(32 cards)
A proton is…
A proton is a positively charged particles with a relative atomic mass of 1, that are found in the nucleus of an atom.
An electron is…
An electron is a negatively charged particles with a relative atomic mass of 0. They are found in the electron shells surrounding the atom’s nucleus.
A neutron is…
A neutral particle with a relative atomic mass of 1. They are found in the atom’s nucleus alongside the protons.
The nucleus is…
The nucleus is the positively charged region found in the centre of an atom. It consists of both neutrons and protons, and encompasses almost all of the atoms overall mass.
Groups in the periodic table refer to… and helps determine…
Groups in the periodic table refer to the columns on the Periodic Table. The group number that an element is in helps determine the number of electrons in the valence shell of the atom.
Periods in the periodic table refer to… and tells us…
Periods in the periodic table refer to the rows on the Periodic Table. The period number of an element tells us the number of shells that the electrons in the atom occupies.
The atomic number refers to…
The atomic number refers to the number of protons that are present in an atom’s nucleus.
The valence electrons are…
The valence electrons are the electrons that are found in the outermost shell of an atom.
The Aufbau principle states…
The Aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom, the electrons fill the lower energy atomic shells and subshells before filling the higher energy ones.
The Pauli exclusion principle states…
The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital and the electrons have opposite spins.
The Hund’s rule states…
The Hund’s rule states that every orbital in a subshell must be occupied by one electron before they are doubly occupied.
Subshells are… and the four different subshells are…
Subshells are separate energy levels within a shell. There are four different subshells: s, p, d and f.
Orbitals are…
Orbitals are a 3D description of the space within a subshell.
The Effective nuclear charge is… it is equal to…
The Effective nuclear charge is the amount of positive charge that is experienced by an electron in an atom. It is equal to the number of inner shell electrons subtracted from the protons in the atom.
Electron affinity is…
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when a nonmetal gains an electron to form an anion.
Metals are…
Metals are the elements that are on the left side of the Periodic Table.
Non-metals are…
Non-metals are the elements that are on the right side of the Periodic Table.
The Atomic radius is…
The Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons.
Isotopes are…
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain equal amounts of protons, but different amounts of neutrons.
The term isoelectronic species is given to…
The term isoelectronic species is given to two species that have the same electronic configuration
The first ionisation energy is…
The first ionisation energy is the energy that is required to remove one mole of the most loosely held electrons in an atom from one mole of gaseous ions.
Metallic bonds are…
Metallic bonds are bonds that form between two metal atoms.
Electronegativity is a…
Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes an atom’s ability to attract, and therefore gain electrons.
Ionic bonds are…
Ionic bonds are bonds that form between a metal and a nonmetal.
