Unit 1 - Types and Components of Computer Systems Flashcards
What is the definition of hardware?
All the physical parts of a computer that you can see, touch and pick up.
External components of a computer such as a mouse or a keyboard
Give 5 examples of types of hardware
Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer Speakers Web cam CD-ROM Memory stick Hard disk Processor
What is the definition of software?
Coded programmes that control how the computer works.
Give 5 examples of software.
System software e.g. Operating systems, disk cleaners, disk defragmenter, virus protection
Application software e.g. word processors, graphic editors, web design programmes, spreadsheet programmes, CAD, web browsers, computer games
What is the difference between hardware and software?
Hardware is physical and software is part of the ICT system and cannot be physically touched, seen or picked up.
What is the definition of a computer?
Computers are devices that accept information and then manipulate it to produce a result
Give 3 examples of types of computers.
PC (personal computer), Laptop, PDA, Mainframe, Notebook, Palmtop/tablet
What are the main components of a general purpose computer?
CPU ROM/RAM Input devices Output devices Storage
Give 3 examples of an Operating System
Windows
iOS
Android
Give an example of a recent development in ICT.
Blockchain, Cloud Storage, Cloud Computing, eBooks
what is a Motherboard
Circuit board that allows CPU, RAM and other hardware components to communicate with each other
All components plug into the motherboard
What is a processor (CPU)
Brain of the computer
Controls what computer does + is responsible for performing calculations and data processing
What is Internal memory (RAM and ROM)
Two types - RAM & ROM
- RAM and ROM are used to store computer data
- ‘Primary Storage’
• RAM: random access memory
• All programs and data in current use is stored on RAM
• RAM is usually larger than ROM
• Volatile memory: data lost when computer turned off
• ROM: read only memory
• Used to store permanent information
• Chips cannot be altered, only read from
• Non-volatile memory: data not lost when computer turned off
What is a Graphics Card?
Plug into motherboard, enables computer to display images on monitor
What is a Sound Card?
Plug into motherboard – allow computer system to produce sound + connect microphones
What are Storage devices (secondary storage)?
Stores data that is not instantly used by the computer
What is an ‘operating system’?
A software program that manages computer resources.
Operating systems allow components to communicate with each other and enables the computer to run software applications.
What is a Command Line Interface (CLI)?
Older style operating system → users type in commands using keyboard.
Do not make use of images, icons or graphics. All the user is seen is a plain black screen like the one to the right.
Advantages and disadvantages of Command Line Interface (CLI)
Advantages: If user knows correct commands then can be faster than any other type of interface Uses less RAM Does not use as much CPU processing time Cheaper monitor can be used
Disadvantages: Can be confusing for new users Commands have to be typed precisely If mistype an instruction, start from scratch Large number of commands to be learned
What is a Graphical User Interface (GUI)?
very ‘friendly’ way for people to interact with computer → makes use of pictures, graphics and icons
Advantages and disadvantages of a Graphical User Interface
Advantages:
Easy to use for beginners
Don’t have to learn complicated commands
Reasonable ‘help’ system with interface
Disadvantages: Take up larger amount of hard disk space Need significantly more RAM to run More processing power than other interfaces Slow for experienced programmers
What is a desktop computer?
A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk due to its size and power requirements.
Advantages and Disadvantages of desktop computer (PC)
Advantages:
Most websites are designed to be viewed using a desktop.
Desktops have larger keyboards than all other devices which makes it easier to type keywords into search engines
Desktop screens (monitors) are larger than other devices and give a better experience.
Desktops usually use wired internet connections which is more stable and reliable than Wi-Fi.
Disadvantages:
Desktop PC’s are not portable so you can only access them from the room they are setup in.
What is a laptop?
A laptop, laptop computer, is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with a screen and keyboard.