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1423-Basic Nursing Skils > UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 Flashcards

(180 cards)

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1
Q

Who Is Florence Nightngale?

A

1st Nursing Theorist

Lady With The Lamp

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2
Q

Who is the Lady with the lamp?

A

Florence Nightngale

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3
Q

What did Florence Nightngale Contribute?

A

Training Women for future work.
Sanitary Conditions (Like Washing Hands).
Reducing death rates for sick and injured.
Healthy diets (garden).
Cared for soliders.
Introducing that soliders needed some kind of light.

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4
Q

Steps in Nursing Ladder starting at LVN

A 
LVN
RN
RN--->BSN
RN---->MSN-->Practioner
RN----->Doctorate-->PHD-->DNP
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5
Q

What are the Unique Nursing Skills?
give an example of each one
“ac3”

A
  • Assessment Skills: Interviewing, observing,examing client and family.
  • Caring Skills: ADLs.. Bathing, Ambulating, Feeding, anything that helps client go on with their ADLs.
  • Counselling Skills: Active listening, offering health teaching/ education within nurses knowledge, emotonial support.
  • Comforting Skills: Being a guide, supportive, compasionate. Anything to make patient feel comfort.
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6
Q

What is EMPATHY?

Give Example

A

Aware of what the client is feeling

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7
Q

What is SYMPATHY?

Give Example

A

Feeling as emotionally ditraught as the patient.

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8
Q

Define Health.

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being.

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9
Q

Define Wellness.

A

Full balanced integration of all aspects of health

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10
Q

Define Holism.

A

Sum of physical, emotional,social,and spritual health.

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11
Q

Maslow’s Hiearchy of Human Needs

A 
Self Actualization 
Esteem/Self Esteem
Love/Belonging
Saftey/ Security
Physiologic Needs
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12
Q

List order of how nurses priorities for patient care.

A

Physiological Needs
Safety and Security
Esteem and Self Esteem
Self Actualization

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13
Q

How is Maslows Hierarchy used in Nursing?

A

By prioritizing the patients care

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14
Q

Define Illness.

A

State of being unhealthy

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15
Q

Define Morbidity.

A

Inciedence of a specific diease, disorder, or injury: refers to the rate of which people were affected.

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16
Q

Define Mortality.

A

Inciedence of deaths; Denotes number of people who died from paticular diease/condition.

  • Thing MORTality as in MORTicion - Mortality is related with death mortition specializes in taking care of client after death*
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17
Q

Define Acute.

A

Comes Suddenly

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18
Q

Define Chronic.

A

Comes Slowly/ Long Lasting

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19
Q

Define Terminal.

A

No potential for a cure.

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20
Q

Define Primary.

A

One that develops indapendently of any other diease

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21
Q

Define Secondary.

A

Diease that develops from a preexisting condition

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22
Q

Define Remission.

A

Dissaperance of signs and symptoms

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23
Q

Define Exacerbation

A

Reactivation of a disorder or one that revert from a chronic to an acute state.

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24
Q

Define Hereditary.

A

Aquired from genetics/ codes of both or one parent.

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25
Define Congenital.
Those that present at birth/ result of a faulty embryotic development. * when you think of conGENITAL think of GENITAL (haha) birth happens from womans genital area so a conGential illness would be one that happened at birth*
26
Define Idiopathic
An illness of an unknown cause.
27
Define Homeostasis
Relatively stable state of physical equilibrium
28
What are the 4 types of stressors?
Physiological Psychologic Spritual Social
29
Explain the the 4 types of stressors.
Physiological- affects body Psychologic- Plays with head Spirtual- Death, Sin, Guilt Social- Pandemic, Lockdown, Wheather changes
30
Define Adaption
Response of an organism to change
31
What is a Neurotransmitter?
Chemical messangers synthesized with neurons
32
What are some examples of Neurotransmitters?
serotonin dopamine epinephrine norepinephrine
33
What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?
Prepares body for fight or flight
34
What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?
Restores equilibrium after danger is no longer aparent
35
Which system does fight or flight happen in?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
36
What is G.A.S?
General Apdataion Syndrom | * Hans Selye has Gas*
37
What are the four categories of clients needs?
1. Safe/ Effetive enviorment 2. Health Promotion/ Maitenance 3. Psychosocial Integrity 4. Physiologic Integrity
38
What are the Four Nursing Roles? | * With all these roles I...*
Caregiver Educator Collaborator Dellagator
39
Define each of the Four Nursing Roles.
- Caregiver/ preforms health related activities clinents cant perform indepenfently. - Educator/ One who provides education, only on knowledge basis - Collaborator/ One who works with others - Dellagator/ One who assigns a task to someone. * You are still responsible for the task you delagated.
40
Phases of Nurse client Relationship. | *what you do during a shift in order*
Introductory Working Terminating
41
BARRIERS to a Therapeutic Nurse Client Relationship
``` Appearing unkept failing to identify one self (verbally) Miss pronoucing clinets name avoiding clients name using clients first name without permission sharing personal problems or information using crude or distastful launge recealing confidential information abondaning client failing to keep promise ```
42
Define Communication.
An exchange of information.
43
Define Verbal Communication
Communication that uses words
44
Define Therapeutic
Ecourging expression and Feeling
45
What are some therapeutic communication techniques
``` Broad opening Paraphrasing Direct Questioning Giving Information Open Ended Questions Summarizing Silence ```
46
What is the role of listening in communication?
Active Listening
47
What role does silence play in communication?
It encourges patient to partcipate in verbal discussion
48
Define Kinesics
Body Lauguage -Noverbal Techs. ~ Facial Expressinons, Posture, Gestures,Body Movement
49
Define Paralanguage
Vocal Sounds -Not words ~Deep Breath, whistling, crying, laughing, moaning
50
Define Proxemics
Space to communicate - Intimate ~6inches - Personal~6inches-4ft - Social~4-12 ft - Public~ +12 ft
51
What role does touch play in communication
To communicate caring and support
52
How would you communicate with a verbally impaired client?
Provide a paper and pencil or a white board and marker
53
How would you communicate with a deaf client?
ASL or video chat with an interpotour
54
How would you communicate with a patient with Alzheimers disease?
- Gain attention by approaching them from the front and using their name - smiling to convey friendliness - maintain eye-to-eye contact
55
To be an effective teacher, the nurse must first assess
``` Perrferred learning style Age and Development Levels Capacity to learn Motivation Learning Readiness Learning Needs ```
56
What are some things that will affect the clients ability to learn?
The capaticy to learn - itelectual ability - illiteracy - sensory deficts - cultural dffrences - shortended attention span, and lack of motivation and readiness require special adaptation
57
What are microorganisms?
Living plants or animals only visipble through a microscope.
58
Define Nonpathogens.
Harmless/ beneficial
59
What are pathogens?
Cause an illness
60
Diease that can be transmitted to other people is a ?
Communicable Disease | AKA Contagious Disease and Community- aquired infection
61
Define Virulence
The extent of dangerousness of pathogens | *How dangerous they are*
62
Define Bacteria
Single celled microorganisms
63
Define Viruses
Smallest microorganism known to cause infectious diseases *can only be seen on an elctron microscope
64
Define Fungi
yeasts and molds
65
Define Rickettsia
Its like bacteria but it needs a living species to live.
66
Define Protozoans
Single celled animals classified according on their ablitiy to move
67
Define Mycoplasmas
Lack of a cell wall come in various shapes
68
Define Helminthes
Infectious worms
69
Define Prions
Protein containing no nucleic acid
70
What os Antibiotic Drug Resistance?
When germs develop the ablity to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. like MRSA
71
What do microorganisms need to survive?
Warmth, Darkness,Moist,Oxygen, Nourishment
72
What is a spore?
Tempararily inactive microbal life form that cant resist heat and destructive chemicals and they can survive without moisture
73
What are the biological defense mechanisms?
Mechanical | Chemical
74
What does the two biological defense mechanisms mean?
Mechanical/ Physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body Chemical/ Destroy or ancapacitate microorganisms through natural biologic substances
75
What are the links in the Chain of infection? | *I Really Enjoyed Making Pancakes Sunday*
``` Infectious Angent Resivour Portal of Exit Means of Transmission Portal of Entry Suscetibule Host ```
76
What causes opportunistic infections?
Infectious disorder amoung people with comprimised health
77
What are the methods of transmission?
``` Conact - Direct- Indirect Droplet Airborne Vechile Vector ```
78
What are Elizabeth Kulbers-Ross Stages of Dying? | *Defineitley Aging By Day Alright*
``` Denial Anger Barganing Depression Acceptance ```
79
What does " dying with dignnity mean?"
Nurse cares for the dying with respct no matter what their emotional physical congitive state is
80
Diffrent places for the dying patient might take place at...
Homecare Reciptive care- care for caregiver Hospice Care Residential Care
81
Define Hospice
To Indicate Both Facility for providing the term of termanially ill patients and the concept of suck care its self
82
How will the nurse meet the needs of a dying patient?
``` Hydration Nourishment Elimination Hygiene Postioning Comfort ```
83
What is "waiting for permission phenomenon?"
When the termanially ill fore stall dying.. | They feel their loved ones are not yet prepared to deal with ther death
84
What is multiple organ failure?
It is a condition where two or more organ systems Gradually sease function
85
Who notifies the family?
Nurse; if death is approaching | Dr: if death has already hsppened
86
Who confirms death?
Physcian Physcian Asst. Med Examiner Corner
87
What is a Death Certificate?
A legal document attesting that the person named on the form has been found dead.
88
When autopsy done?
After death to determine more about the cause of death
89
What is a corner?
A public Offical who does not necessarily have a medical background.
90
what is the nurses role in postpartum care?
Remove any tubbing (unless oing to autopsy) place washcloth under chin to keep mouth closed Close Eyes report any findings DOCUMENT
91
What is the Nursing Process Steps?
``` Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation ```
92
Define nutrition
Process by which the body uses food
93
What postion do you but females in to provide perinal care?
Dorsal Recumbent Postion
94
Define Malnutrition
A condition resulting from lack of proper nutrients in a diet
95
Basic nutritional needs of the elderly
Meats, Fruits, Vegtables, Soy based proteins, Dairy, whole grains
96
'what does protein do for the body
builds, repair, and maintain tissue
97
What does the body need carbohydrates for?
To give us energy
98
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Grains, Rice, Veggies,
99
What is cholesterol?
Lipoprotein that are transported
100
Which fat is the healthiest?
unsaturated fats
101
What is a trans fat
Unsaturated, hydrated fats
102
What should cholestrol levels be?
less than 200
103
Dietary Minerals
Sodium, potassium
104
Water soulable Vitamins
b complex and C
105
Fat souluble Vitamins
A,D,E,K
106
What should your plate look like for a meal?
fruit grains veggies protein
107
What influences eating habbits
Childhood time budget culture
108
what is a vegetarian
People who restrick their animal consumption
109
what is a vegan
people who relay souly on plants for a source of protein
110
HDL
Good cholestrol | greater than 60
111
LDL
Bad cholestrol | less than an 100
112
What is included in a nutritional assessment?
Diet history, Antropmetic Data, Body mass index, Midarm circumfrence, tricep skin fold measures Subjective data Objective Data
113
Obesity
Is a condition in BMI's= or exceeds 30
114
Emaciation
excessive leanness
115
Anorexia
loss of appetite
116
Nausea
Gastro sensationally, usaually proceeds vomiting
117
Vomiting
Loss of stomach contect through the mouth
118
emesis
substance that is vomited
119
Regurgitation
Bringing stomach content to mouth but not vomiting
120
Projectile Vommiting
vommiting that occurs with great force
121
Eructation
Belching (BURP)
122
Flatus
gas formed and realeased from rectum (FART)
123
xerostomia
dry mouth
124
Common Hospital Diets
``` reg or general Light soft mechaical soft full liquid clear liquid special therapeutic ```
125
Diffuculty Swallowing is called
dysphagia
126
Feeding the visually impaired
place thick towel on chest andlap use dishes with rims that prevent spills special cultary
127
Feeding patient with dementia
Be conistant Reduce or eliminate distractions promote concentration Remove wrappers etc
128
What area does sleep play a role in?
``` Reducing Fatigue Stabalizing Mood Improve blood flow to the brain Increase protein synethesis Maintaing diease fighting mechanisms promoting celluar growth improving the capacity for learning and memory storage ```
129
How much sleep does an adult need?
7-9 hours
130
How much sleep does the elderly need?
7-8 Hours
131
What is Circadian Rhythm?
Phenomena that cycle on a 24 hour basis
132
What is the function of sleep?
Sleep Arauses unconciousness
133
Insomnia
Diffuculty falling asleep
134
Hypersomnia
Feeling sleepy despite getting normal sleep.
135
Sleep apnea
Stop breathing in sleep or breathing slows for 10 secs or longer 5 or more times per hour
136
Narcolepsy
Sudden onset of daytime sleep
137
Shift work
Those who workevening/night shifts who switch from one shift to another (unsync sleep cycle)
138
Jet Travel
Causes a sudden change in the current established # of daylight hours
139
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Depression, Lack of energy, craving sweets
140
Parasomnias
Condition associated with activities that cause arisals during NREM sleep
141
Somnambulism
Sleep Walking
142
Nocturnal Enuresis
Bed wetting
143
Bruxism
Grinding of teeth
144
Restless leg syndrome
Moving in legs
145
Nursing Diagnosis for Patients w/ sleep disorders?
``` Sleep paralysis Cataplexy Hypogogic Hallucinations Automanic behavior Sleep apnea Fatigue Insomnia ```
146
Saftey hazards in infants/toddlers?
Choking | Suffocation
147
Safety hazards in school aged kids
``` Breaking bones Peerpressure Sprts Injuris Taking Risks ```
148
Safety hazards in adults
Drinking and Driving No seatbelt drugs
149
Safety hazards in elderly
Falls Driving Balance Memory
150
What acronym should we rembember whan there is a fire
RACE
151
what does RACE stand for?
Rescue Alarm Confine Extiguish
152
What is the poison controls phone #?
1-800-222-1222
153
What is physical Restraint?
Something that imoblizes arms,legs,body,or head
154
Restraint protocol
A plan of steps to follow when implementing an intervention. Identify and justify why restraint was used and make sure to try other interventions first
155
Restraint alternatives
Seat insertss Support Pillows Seat belts harness w front realsing velcro homadetilt wedges
156
Disuse Syndrome
Signs and symptoms that result from inactivity
157
Importance of good posture
Affects your apperance Stamina and ability to use the muskoskelton system efficently distributes gravity
158
Body mechanics
Efficient use of muskoskeltory system
159
how often do you need to change a patients position?
Every 2 hrs
160
Supine
Laying on bacl
161
Lateral
Laying on side
162
Prone
Laying on abdomen
163
Sims
Semi prone | Laying on left sde with right knee drawn towards ches
164
Fowlers
Semi sitting Position
165
Low Fowlers
head torso elevated to 30 degrees
166
Mid fowlers
45 degrees
167
high fowlers
60-90 degrees
168
What is a foot drop
a permanent dysfunction postition caused by shortening of the calf muscles and lengthening of opposing muscle
169
Trochanter Roll
Prevents legs from turning outward
170
Hand roll
Devices that preserves patients functional abilities to grasp and pick up objects
171
What are devices to prevent foot drop
foot board splints boots
172
what can be used to help transfer a patient
``` Side rails Mattress overlays lifts Special beds draw sheets ```
173
Active
patient does
174
passive
nurse does
175
Purposes of MEchanical Immobilixation
Realives pain/muscle spasms Supports/allign skeletal injuries Maintains a function postion until healed completely restricts moving while injury heals allows activity while ristricting movement of injured area prevents further structure damage
176
Inflatible Splints
Mobilizing devices that become rigid when filled with air
177
Traction splints
Metal Devices that immobilizes/pulls on muscle
178
Immobilizers
Commercial Splints made from cloth foam
179
Molded Splints
Orthotic devices made of ridgid materials
180
Cervival collars
A foam Rigid splint placed around neck

1423-Basic Nursing Skils (2 decks)

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