Unit 1 vocab

Question 1

oogenis

Answer 1

formation or maturation of an egg

Question 2

polyploidy

Answer 2

hereditary condition where an person has more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 3

inversion

Answer 3

chromosome defect where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in a reverse direction.

Question 4

karyotype

Answer 4

complete set of chromosomes

Question 5

gene locus

Answer 5

specific fixed position on a chromosome where a gene marker can be located

Question 6

central dogma

Answer 6

theory that says gentic info flows in ONE direction

Question 7

Life cycle of somatic cells

Answer 7

All human cells are somatic except egg and sperm (mitosis)

Question 8

multifactoral disorders

Answer 8

stem from a combination of gene mutations and other lifestyle factors

Question 9

principle of segregation

Answer 9

describes pairs of gene variants that separate into reproductive cells

Question 10

linkage

Answer 10

closeness of genes and other DNA sequences (same chromosome)

Question 11

principle of independent assortment

Answer 11

describes different genes and seperates them when reproductive cells develop.

Question 12

aneuploidy

Answer 12

condition having an abnormal number of chromosome in haploid set

Question 13

regions of a chromosome

Answer 13

any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.

Question 14

expressivitiy

Answer 14

relates to intensity of a phenotype (capacity too)

Question 15

translocations

Answer 15

genetic change where one chromosome breaks then attaches to another chromosome.

Question 16

polymorphism

Answer 16

presence of 2 or more forms of a specific DNA sequence (can occur in populations)

Question 17

gametes

Answer 17

mature male or female germ cell that is capable of fusing with a gamete from the opp sex.

Question 18

recombination

Answer 18

process where DNA is broken and recombined to make new combinations

Question 19

deletions

Answer 19

removal of at least 1 nucleotide in a gene

Question 20

chromatin

Answer 20

complex protein and DNA in eukaryotic cells

Question 21

chromosome

Answer 21

long strand of DNA w part or all of the genetic material

Question 22

chromatid

Answer 22

one of the copies of chromosomes (half)

Question 23

penetrance

Answer 23

proportion of people/individuals carrying a certain gene

Question 24

spermatogenis

Answer 24

production/development of the sperm

Question 25

alleles

Answer 25

variation of the nucleotides at the same place in DNA

Question 26

pedigree

Answer 26

inheritance of certain genes/traits from the family tree

Question 27

autosomes

Answer 27

1 of the numbered chromosome (not sex)

Question 28

translation process

Answer 28

ribosomes synthesize proteins after transcription

Question 29

sex linked trait

Answer 29

found strictly one type of chromosome (ex colorblindness)

Question 30

types of mutations

Answer 30

alteration in nucleic acid sequence

Question 31

nondisjunction

Answer 31

failure for chromosomes to separate during cell division

Question 32

protein synthesis

Answer 32

uses protein and genetic code to transcribe and make more protein

Question 33

gene splicing

Answer 33

to repair recombinant DNA

Question 34

what is the order of mitosis

Answer 34

PMAT---> prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

Question 35

what are the 3 parts of interphase

Answer 35

G1, S, G2

Question 36

is DNA normally relaxed or coiled

Answer 36

relaxed

Question 37

what phase do chromosomes coil

Answer 37

prophase

Question 38

when do spindle fibers appear

Answer 38

prophase

Question 39

what stage does the nuclear membrane break down

Answer 39

prometaphase

Question 40

when do the spindlefibers pull chromosomes towards center of cell (they attach to the middle of the chromosomes)

Answer 40

prometaphase

Question 41

what stage do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Answer 41

metaphase

Question 42

what stage are the chromatids pulled apart by the spindle fibers (opp side of cell)

Answer 42

anaphase

Question 43

when does the nuclear envelope redevelop around the sets of chromosomes

Answer 43

telophase

Question 44

what stage do the chromosomes begin to uncoil again

Answer 44

telophase

Question 45

when do the spindle fibers dissemble (what phase)

Answer 45

telophase

Question 46

what stage of the chromosomes on opposite poles of the cell

Answer 46

telophase

Question 47

what stage do 2 identical daughter cells exist

Answer 47

cytokinesis

Question 48

difference between codon and anticodon

Answer 48

codon is in mRNA , while anticodon found in tRNA

Question 49

do polypeptides make proteins

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

what does transcription do

Answer 50

transcription is when DNA is copied to RNA

Question 51

what does translation do

Answer 51

translation is when RNA produces proteins

Question 52

does DNA have uracil

Answer 52

no

Question 53

does RNA have thymine

Answer 53

no

Question 54

what is a nucleic acid

Answer 54

nucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides(a,t,g,c,u,)

Question 55

what are the types of nucleotides

Answer 55

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

Question 56

What are the purines

Answer 56

AG (adenine and guanine)

Question 57

what are the pyrimidine

Answer 57

TC (thymine, cytosine)

Question 58

what info comes from karyotype

Answer 58

chromsome abnormalities can be detected. EX) birth defects, genetic diseases, and blood disorders.

Question 59

what is a chromosome

Answer 59

structure protein and is a nucleic acid that deals w genetic info

Question 60

where is the chromatin formed

Answer 60

histones; made of nucleosomes. Chromatin packages the DNA double helix

Question 61

do chromosomes contain genes

Answer 61

yes

Question 62

what does a chromosome do

Answer 62

chromosomes help carry out cellular functions

Question 63

what does a chromatid do

Answer 63

is an identical strand (2) that make up a chromosome

Question 64

are genes and DNA the same

Answer 64

no; DNA makes up genes

Question 65

what kind of cells does mitosis make

Answer 65

2 diploid daughter cells

Question 66

what kind of cells does meiosis make

Answer 66

4 haploid cells

Question 67

what kind of cells are somatic cells (diploid or haploid)

Answer 67

diploid

Question 68

what kind of cells are germ cells ( diploid or haploid)

Answer 68

haploid

Question 69

are gametes associated with mitosis or meiosis

Answer 69

meiosis