unit 10 evolution vocab topic three Flashcards
(24 cards)
all of the genes of a population
gene pool
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time
population
how common a particular allele is in a population
allele frequency
when allele frequencies do not change in a population over time
genetic equilibrium
a permanent change in DNA, alters allele frequencies of a population by introducing new alleles to a population
mutation
a change in allele frequencies of a population due to chance events
genetic drift
a change in allele frequencies in a population due to some males reproducing more than others due to female preferences
sexual/ mate selection
results in a change in allele frequencies by the movement of individuals from one population to another
migration
when organisms with a desirable variation survive, reproduce and pass on that favorable variation to future generations
natural selection
a type of genetic drift event in which a population’s allele frequencies are changed due to the setting of a new population by just a few individuals
founder effect
a type of genetic drift event in which a populations allele frequencies are changed due to a population being reduced dramatically to just a few individuals
bottleneck
permanent and complete removal of a species from environment
extinction
the movement of genes from one population to another that results when individuals migrate
gene flow
movement of genes into a population
immigration
movement of genes out of a population
emigration
a group of individuals that can breed to produce fertile offspring (offspring can grow up and have babies)
species
the evolution of new species
speciation
any barrier that prevents two individuals from being able to meet up and breed (like being seperated from one another by a river, valley, canyon, etc.)
Prezygotic barrier
a type of pre-zygotic barrier in which individuals are physically separated from one another
geographic isolation
speciation that results from geographic isolation
allopatric speciation
species that results without geographic isolation
sympatric speciation
any barrier that prevents two individuals from being able to create a fertile offspring (like they are too genetically different and the egg can thus be fertilized by the sperm)
postzygotic barrier
a type of post zygotic barrier in which individuals are physically unable to form fertile offspring, even if they try to mate
reproductive isolation
a speciation event that occurs in plants
polyploidy
