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forensics s2 > Unit 10- Impression > Flashcards

Unit 10- Impression Flashcards

1
Q

Patent impressions

A
  • visible
  • 2 dimensional
  • bloody shoeprints
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2
Q

latent impressions

A

hidden
- visualized by chemical or physical development

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3
Q

plastic impressions

A
  • 3 dimensional imprints
  • usually in snow or soil
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4
Q

electrostatic dust print lifting device

A

a tool that electrostatically charges particles within dust or light soil which are than attracted and bonded to a lifted film

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5
Q

adhesive gel lifter

A

allows lifting of dusty shoe print with a sheet of rubber with adhesive layer on one side

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6
Q

casting with dental stone or plaster

A

used to collect any plastic or 3 dimensional imprint

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7
Q

difference between class and individual characteristics

A

class: characteristics that are common among a group of footwear/tire
- ex: size, brand/logo, tread design
individual: unique characteristics observed only on an individual footwear/tire
ex: cuts, scratches, debris, wear pattern

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8
Q

information from shoe impressions

A
  • size
  • brand.
  • weight
  • lifestyle
    -gender
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9
Q

impression evidence database (3)

A
  1. threadmark (footwork impression database).
  2. solemate: over 30000 footwear reference database
  3. threadmate: reference collection containing over 8500 vehicle types
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10
Q

conclusions for impression evidence (3)

A
  1. k cannot be eliminated as the source of Q impression
  2. q impression is identified as originating from K source
  3. K is eliminated as a possible origin of the Q impression
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11
Q

”ridge characteristics (minutiae) ‹†‰‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•

A
  • individual characteristics
  • the identity, number, and relative location of characteristics that impart individuality to a fingerprint
  • 150 minutiae
  • most are partial impressions
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12
Q

3 fundamental principles of fingerprints

A
  1. fingerprints are individual characteristics
  2. a fingerprint remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime
  3. fingerprints have ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified
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13
Q

points of identification

A
  • number of ridge characteristics that are necessary to identify two fingerprints as the same.
  • 8-16
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14
Q

international association for identification (IAI)

A

NO bases exist for requiring a predetermined minimum number of friction ridge characteristics which must be present in two impressions in order to establish positive identification

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15
Q

fingerprint ridges are found on

A

-fingerprint and thumbs
-palms
-soles of the feet

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16
Q

3 general patterns

A
  1. arch: 5%- does not have a core nor deltas
  2. loop: 65%- one or more ridges enter from one side, recurve, and exit from the same side
    - radial: loop opens toward the thumb
    - ulnar: loop opens toward the little finger
  3. whorl: 30%- must have at least 2 deltas
17
Q

AFIS and characteristics examined

A
  • criminal history and fingerprint database
  • general core axis, pattern type, bifurcations, ending ridges
18
Q

ACE-V

A
  • analysis:
  • comparison
  • evaluation:
  • verification:
19
Q

two factors in latent printing

A
  • sweat
  • contamination
20
Q

factors affecting fingerprints

A
  • age
    -fine ridge structure
  • stimuli
  • occupational and medical condition
  • transposal factors
  • environmental factors
21
Q

It is NOT possible to determine the

A

age, sex, race

22
Q

patent fingerprints

A
  • visible prints
  • left on a smooth surface when blood, in or some other liquid comes into contact with the hands and is transferred to the surface
23
Q

plastic fingerprints

A

actual indentions left in some soft materials such as clay, putty, wax, or dust

24
Q

latent fingerprints

A
  • hidden prints
  • caused by transfer of oils and other body secretions into the surface
  • can be made visible my different methods
25
Q

development of latent fingerprints

A
  • fingerprint powders (applied to a non-observant surface
  • ninhydrin (reacts with amino acids to form a purple-blue print)
    -physical developer ( silver nitrate based solutions)
  • cyanocrylate fuming ( nonporous surfaces)
  • DFO (porous- reacts w/ amino acids)
  • iodine fuming (adheres to grease/oils on porous surface)

forensics s2 (8 decks)

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