Unit 10 Vocab

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

And individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 2

Free Association

Answer 2

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Freud‘s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; this technique used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

The largely conscious executive part of the personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the ID, super ego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the IDs desire in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

The part of the personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations

Question 8

Psychosexual stages

Answer 8

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the IDs pleasure seeking energies focused on distinct erogenous zones

Question 9

Oedipus complex

Answer 9

According to Freud, boys sexual desire towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos

Question 11

Fixation

Answer 11

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies add an earlier psychosexual stage, and which conflicts were unresolved

Question 12

Defense mechanisms

Answer 12

In psychoanalysis theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 13

Repression

Answer 13

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 15

Reaction formation

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switch is unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety arousing unconscious feelings.

Question 16

Projection

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 17

Rationalization

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self justifying exclamations in the place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Question 18

displacement

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger towards safer outlet

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism him by which people reach channel there unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Question 20

Denial

Answer 20

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities

Question 21

Collective unconscious

Answer 21

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Question 22

Projective test

Answer 22

A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger the projections of one’s inner dynamics

Question 23

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 23

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 24

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 24

The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Question 25

Self-actualizarion

Answer 25

According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to for fill one’s potential

Question 26

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 26

According to Rogers, and attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 27

Self concept

Answer 27

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and answer to the question, who am I?

Question 28

Trait

Answer 28

A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and pier reports

Question 29

Personality inventory

Answer 29

A questionnaire, often with true false or agree disagree items, on which people respond to items design to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Question 30

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 30

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, still considered it’s most appropriate use, this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Question 31

Empirically derived test

Answer 31

A test, such as the MMPI, developed by a testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 32

Social cognitive perspective

Answer 32

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

Question 33

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 33

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Question 34

Personal control

Answer 34

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 35

External locus of control

Answer 35

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Question 36

Internal locus of control

Answer 36

The perception that you control your own fate

Question 37

Positive psychology

Answer 37

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Question 38

Self

Answer 38

And contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 39

Spotlight effect

Answer 39

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blenders, as if we presume a spotlight shines on us

Question 40

Self-esteem

Answer 40

Once feeling of high or low self-worth

Question 41

Self serving bias

Answer 41

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 42

Individualism

Answer 42

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 43

Collectivism

Answer 43

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 44

Terror management theory

Answer 44

Theory of death related anxiety; explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death