UNIT 12: DRUG OF ABUSE AND SUBSTANCE OF ABUSE Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
drugs and substances that are actually
used not of their medical purpose
A
Drugs of Abuse
2
Q
“compulsive seeking” of the use
of a drug
A
Addiction
3
Q
the term used when the purpose for which drugs are used are not approved by the FDA
A
“off the label”
4
Q
the body needs
the drug for it to function
A
Physical (Dependence)
5
Q
there would be an increasing concentration for an
individual to achieve the desired effect
A
Tolerance (Dependence)
6
Q
negative consequences caused by abrupt termination of the effects of drugs
A
Withdrawal Syndrome (Dependence)
7
Q
drugs that do not alter perception
A
Non-psychoactive drugs
8
Q
Reduction of concentration
Shorter duration of action
A
Pharmacokinetic Tolerance
8
Q
Recruitment of Adaptor Protein (β-arrestin)
Desensitization
Receptor internalization
A
Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
9
Q
drugs that alter perception
no reward/euphoria
A
Nonaddictive drug of abuse
10
Q
targets of nonaddictive drug of abuse
A
Cortical and Thalamic System
11
Q
would be binding to certain G-protein coupled receptors; includes Opioids, Cannabinoids and γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
A
Class 1
12
Q
would usually bind to ion channels; includes Benzodiazepines, Ethanol, and Nicotine
A
Class 2
13
Q
would bind to transporters of Biogenic
Amines; includes Cocaine, Amphetamine, and
Ecstasy
A
Class 3
14
Q
Morphine
Papaverine
Codeine
Thebiane
A
Opiates (naturally occurring alkaloids)
15
Q
Strong analgesics (painkillers) and narcotics
A
Opioids
16
Q
Opioid receptor subtypes
A
μ (mu), δ (delta), and κ (kappa)
17
Q
Scientific name of poppy plant
A
Papaver somniferum
18
Q
Principal active ingredient of Opium
A
Morphine
19
Q
MOA of Opium
A
SC and IV
20
Q
Type of Opioid used for cancer pain and post-surgical pain
A
Opium
21
Q
Released by Opium
A
Histamine
22
Q
Other names for Heroin
A
Smack, H, ska, junk
23
Q
Diamorphine drug
A
Heroin
24
an addictive drug as a white or brown powder
tends to be used with other drugs
Heroin
25
MOA of Heroin
IV
26
t1/2 of Heroin
3-5 hrs
27
withdrawal effects of heroin can be observed ____ hrs after
5-10
28
street drug of abuse; non-medical
Heroin
29
Oxycodone is synthesized from ________
Thebaine
30
Oxycodone is derived from _______
Codeine
31
MOA of Oxycodone
Oral (tablet/component of cough syrup)
32
pethidine; demerol
Meperidine
33
Strong analgesic for post-surgery
Meperidine
34
Meperidine can have serious interaction with ________
MAOs
35
attempts to illicitly produce meperidine has resulted in _______ which can cause _________
MPTP: methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine; parkinsonism
36
Respiratory depression can be reversed by ________
Naloxone
37
Adverse effect if chronic opioid use wherein non-painful stimulus may be perceived as pain
Hyperalgesia
38
Increased central nervous system (CNS) depression, particularly respiratory depression
Sedative-hypnotics
39
Increased sedation
Variable effects on respiratory depression
Accentuation of cardiovascular effects
(Antimuscarinic alpha-blocking actions)
Antipsychotic agents
40
Relative contraindication to all opioid analgesics because of the high incidence of hyperpyrexic coma; hypertension has also been reported.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
41
Anxiolytics
Can be short to long- acting sedatives
Sedative-Hypnotics
42
Examples of Sedative-Hypnotics
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
43
SH used for treatment of epilepsy and seizure states in children
Phenobarbital
44
Rare occurrence of physiologic dependence
“Therapeutic dose dependence”
Benzodiazepines
45
Used for date rape
Schedule IV
anterograde amnesia
Flunitrazepam
46
Target of Barbiturates
GABAa receptors
47
Barbiturates that are not used anymore due to their unpredictable effect
Secobarbital, pentobarbital Na
48
Target of Alcohol
GABAa and NMDA
49
Target of Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid
GABAb
50
Naturally found in the body
Can be found in fermented drinks like guava
Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid
51
other names for Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid
Liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G
Georgia homeboy
52
When used with _______, GHB can produce breathing problems
Alcohol
53
Treatment for short acting and long acting drugs
Chlordiazepoxide or phenobarbital
54
Treatment for alcohol
disulfiram and naltrexone
55
Scientific name for Marijuana
*Cannabis sativa*
56
Components of Cannabinoids
Cannabinol, Cannabidiol, and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
57
Addictive component of Cannabinoid
tetrahydrocannabinol or THC
58
Target of Cannabinoids
Cannabinoid receptors (CB1)
59
FDA Approved Cannabinoids
Dronabitol, Nabilone, and Nabiximol
60
This is used for certain muscle diseases and even ADHD
Cannabinoids
61
Substances that cause hallucination (auditory, visual and tactile)
Hallucinogens
62
Types of Hallucinogens
LSD, PCP, Ketamine, and Scopolamine
63
Part of the brain where pain stimulus is interpreted
Somatosensory Cortex
64
Meaning of MOR
mu Opioid Receptor
65
SHs are conjugated to a more _____-soluble state to be excreted via urine
water
66
Binding site of Benzodiazepines and Flumazenil
Alpha receptors of GABA
67
Antidote to Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
68
SH with a distinct binding site
Cannot be reversed by Flumazenil
Barbiturates
69
Synthetic agent related to ergot alkaloids
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
70
Neurotransmitters affected by LSD
NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin
71
LSDs are agonists of ____ and ____
5-HT1a and 5HT1c (serotonin receptors)
72
One of the most potent drugs (1µg/kg) with no known fatalities
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
73
Effects of LSD
Waxing and Waning
74
Scientific name for Mescaline
*Lophophora williamsii*
75
Dose of Mescaline
5-6 mg/kg
76
Restricted but allowed occasionally to North American Indians as herbal medicine
Mescaline
77
Scientific name of Psilocybin
*Psilocybe* mushroom
78
Dose of psilocybin
250 µg/kg
79
Effects of Psilocybin
Mydriasis, muscle relaxation, dizziness
80
Anesthetic used before for race horses
Ketamine
81
Other names for Ketamine
Special K
Vitamin K
82
Hallucinogen that causes fatal respiratory problems
Ketamine
83
Other names for Phencyclidine
Angel dust
PCP
84
PCP is a __________ derivative
Phenylcyclohexylamine
85
Veterinary anesthetic
PCP
86
MOA of PCP
Smoked with tobacco, snorted, Oral, IV
87
Lesions caused by PCP
Olney's lesions (in nasal mucosa)
88
Users tend to be violent and suicidal; “Bad-trips”
PCP
89
Scopolamine is derived from the plant ___________
*Hyoscyamus niger*
90
PCP antagonizes _____
NMDA
91
Blocked by Scopolamine
Central Muscarinic Receptors
92
Other name for Scopolamine
Devil's breath
93
produces anterograde anemia similar to benzodiazepine rohypnol
Scopolamine
94
Cocaine is derived from the plant ________
*Erythroxylon coca*
95
Cocaine affects the transport of ________
Amines
96
Also known as “crack” because of the crackling sound when it is melted
Cocaine
97
Dopaminergic reuptake transmitter
Cocaine
98
Inhibit reuptake of dopamine and NE
Cocaine
99
Half life of Cocaine
1 hr
100
Symptoms include a feeling of bugs under skin
Cocaine
101
Symptoms of Cocaine withdrawal
Paranoia and schizophrenia like state
Exhaustion by lack of sleep and food
Appetite, exhaustion, depression
102
Chemical name for Amphetamines
alpha-methyl-phenethylamine
103
Amphetamines increase __________ neurotransmitters
catecholaminergic
104
Amphetamine inhibits _______ metabolism
dopamine
105
Previously used as an anti-obesity drug
Amphetamines
106
Treat narcolepsy and ADHD
Amphetamines
107
Amphetamines can cause
Paranoid psychosis
Necrotizing arteritis
108
Designer drug managed by benzodiazepines
Amphetamines
109
Chemical name for Ecstasy
Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
110
Fosters false intimacy and empathy
Ecstasy
111
“Raves” designer drug
Ecstasy
112
Serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)
Ecstasy
113
Drugs That Activate G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Oh Crap Good Luck
- Opioids
- Cannabinoids
- GHB
- LSD, mescaline, psilocybin
114
Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels
Poor Nico Buys Alcohol
- PCP, ketamine
- Nicotine
- Benzadiazepines
- Alcohol
115
Drugs that Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines
ACE
- Amphetamine
- Cocaine
- Ecstasy
116
Uppers
Reverse the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical
tasks
Stimulants
117
Scientific name of tobacco plant
*Nicotiana tobacum*
118
Nicotine antagonizes ______ ______ receptor
Nicotinic cholinergic
119
the endogenous ligand of the cholinergic receptor
Acetylcholine
120
Stronger psychological and physiological dependence than heroin and cocaine
Nicotine
121
Chemical name for Caffeine
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
122
Xanthine alkaloid
Caffeine
123
Caffeine is derived from the plant ________
*Coffea arabica*
124
Caffeine antagonizes _______ receptors
adenosine
125
Low chance of abuse and addiction
Caffeine
126
Inhalants involve the use of
Anesthetic gasses
Industrial solvents
Aerosol propellants
Organic nitrites
127
Affect white matter of the brain
Inhalants
128
Cause difficulty in concentrating
Hypnosis or dreaminess
Euphoria
Numbness
Tingling sensation
Anesthetics
129
Examples of Anesthetics in the laboratory
Ether and Chloroform
130
Nitric Oxide (N2O) is used in ___%
35
131
Examples of Industrial Solvents
Got To Be True
- Gasoline
- Toluene
- Benzene
- Trichloro-ethylene
132
Exposure with industrial solvents within ____ minutes can cause euphoria, drunk feeling, and disorientation
5-15
133
Examples of Organic Nitrites
Amyl nitrite and Isobutyl nitrite
134
Can cause speeding and flushing of skin
Organic Nitrites
135
used to enhance and prolong erection (same mechanism with Viagra)
Organic Nitrites
136
Basic structure of anabolic steroids
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring
137
Bodybuilders use it for muscle growth and athletes use it
for performance boost
Anabolic steroids
138
Acne and oily skin are effects of steroids due to activated ____________ glands
sebaceous
139
Effects of Anabolic steroids
Change in libido
Irritability
Violence
Mood swings
Forgetfulness
Confusion
140
Schedule __: Anabolic Steroids
Schedule III
141
Schedule __: Flunitrazepam
Schedule IV
142
Schedule __: Cannabinoids
Schedule I
143
Schedule __: Amphetamines
Schedule II
144
“physical dependence”
dependence
145
“psychological dependence”
addiction
146
Non-addictive drugs that cause a feeling of separation of mind and body (dissociative anesthetics)
PCP and Ketamine
