Unit 12: Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
alges/o
A
Sense of pain
2
Q
angi/o
A
Vessel
3
Q
arteri/o
A
Artery
4
Q
astr/o
A
Star
5
Q
cephal/o
A
Head
6
Q
cerebell/o
A
Cerebellum
7
Q
cerebr/o
A
Cereburum
8
Q
clon/o
A
Rapid contracting/relaxing
9
Q
cyt/o
A
Cell
10
Q
dur/o
A
Dura mater
11
Q
electro/o
A
Electricity
12
Q
encephal/o
A
Brain
13
Q
esthes/o
A
Sensation, feeling
14
Q
gli/o
A
Glue
15
Q
hemat/o
A
Blood
16
Q
isch/o
A
To hold back
17
Q
later/o
A
Side
18
Q
lumb/o
A
Low back
19
Q
medull/o
A
Medulla oblongata
20
Q
mening/o
A
Meninges
21
Q
meningi/o
A
Meninges
22
Q
my/o
A
Muscle
23
Q
myel/o
A
Spinal cord
24
Q
neur/o
A
Nerve
25
poli/o
Gray matter
26
pont/o
Pons
27
radicul/o
Nerve root
28
scler/o
Hard
29
spin/o
Spine
30
thalam/o
Thalamus
31
thec/o
Sheath
32
tom/o
To cut
33
ton/o
Muscle tone
34
vascul/o
Blood vessel
35
ventricul/o
Ventricle
36
-al
Pertaining to
37
-algia
Pain
38
-ar
Pertaining to
39
-ary
Pertaining to
40
-asthenia
Weakness
41
-cele
Protrusion
42
-eal
Pertaining to
43
-ectomy
Surgical removal
44
-gram
Record
45
-graphy
Process of recording
46
-ia
Condition, state
47
-ic
Pertaining to
48
-ine
Pertaining to
49
-itis
Inflammation
50
-logy
Study of
51
-nic
Pertaining to
52
-oma
Tumor, swelling
53
-osis
Abnormal condition
54
-otomy
Cutting into
55
-paresis
Weakness
56
-pathy
Disease
57
-phasia
Speech
58
-plasty
Surgical repair
59
-plegia
Paralysis
60
-rrhaphy
Suture
61
-taxia
Muscle coordination
62
-tic
Pertaining to
63
-trophic
Pertaining to development
64
a-
Without
65
an-
Without
66
anti-
Against
67
bi-
Two
68
dys-
Abnormal, difficult
69
endo-
Within
70
epi-
Above
71
hemi-
Half
72
hydro-
Water
73
hyper-
Excessive
74
intra-
Within
75
mono-
One
76
para-
Abnormal, two like parts of a pair
77
poly-
Many
78
quadri-
Four
79
semi-
Partial
80
sub-
Below
81
un-
Not
82
Absence of pain
Analgesia
83
Lack of feeling or sensation
Anesthesia
84
Inability to communicate verbally or in writing due to damage to the language centers of the brain
Aphasia
85
Lack of muscle coordination
Ataxia
86
State of profound unconsciousness
Coma
87
Condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
Conscious
88
Progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with activities of daily living
Dementia
89
Difficulty communicating verbally or in writing
Dysphasia
90
Weakness on one side of body
Hemiparesis
91
Paralysis on one side of body
Hemiplegia
92
Abnormally heightened sense of feeling, sense of pain, or sensitivity to touch
Hyperesthesia
93
Nerve pain
Neuralgia
94
Temporary or permanent loss of voluntary movement
Paralysis
95
Paralysis of the lower portion of the body
Paraplegia
96
Abnormal sensations such as burning as tingling
Paresthesia
97
Paralysis of all four limbs
Quadriplegia
98
Sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms, such as in epileptic seizure
Seizure
99
State of being aware of surroundings and responding to stimuli only part of the time
Semiconscious
100
Fainting
Syncope
101
State of being unaware of surroundings and unable to respond to stimuli
Unconscious
102
Disorder characterized by dementia, progressive disorientation, apathy, and loss of memory
Alzheimer's disease
103
Localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel ; ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident
Cerebral aneurysm
104
Brain damage resulting from defect, trauma, infection, or oxygen deprivation before, during, or shortly after birth
Cerebral palsy(CP)
105
Infarct due to loss of blood supply to the brain ; commonly called a stroke
Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)
106
Characterized by blows to the head that result in progressive degeneration of brain tissue
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)
107
Mild traumatic brain injury from a blow or impact
Concussion
108
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
109
Seizures and loss of consciousness caused by uncontrolled electrical activity of brain
Epilepsy
110
Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within brain ventricles ; treated with the creation of an artificial shunt
Hydrocephalus
111
Specific type of headache with severe pain, light sensitivity, dizziness, and nausea
Migraine
112
Chronic disorder of brain with fine tremors, muscle weakness, rigidity, and a shuffling gait
Parkinson's disease
113
Temporary interference with blood supply to brain ; may lead to a CVA
Transient ischemic attack(TIA)
114
Condition of degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord ; also called Lou Gehrig's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
115
Congenital defect when laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close to form the spinal canal
Spina bifida
116
Damage to spinal cord due to trauma ; cord may be bruised (temporary) or severed (permanent)
Spinal cord injury(SCI)
117
One-sided facial paralysis due to facial nerve inflammation ; inflammation is typically viral in nature ; most patients recover
Bell's Palsy
118
Loss of myelin sheath from nerves ; may be autoimmune ; begins in the legs and progresses up toward the trunk
Guillain-Barre syndrome
119
Inflammatory disease of the CNS ; causes weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin sheath from nerves ; plaques appear
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
120
Tumor of a nerve of the sheath around a nerve
Neuroma
121
General term for disease of or damage to a nerve
Neuropathy
122
Eruption of painful blisters on body along a nerve path ; caused by Herpes zoster virus
Shingles
123
X-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after injection of radiopaque dye
Cerebral angiography
124
A record of brain's electrical patterns
Electroencephalogram
125
Administration of medication to produce a loss of feeling or sensation
Anesthesia
126
Treats minor to moderate pain without loss of consciousness
Analgesic
127
Produces loss of sensation or loss of consciousness
Anesthetic
128
Reduces nerve excitability to prevent seizures
Anticonvulsant
129
Branch of medicine specializing in all aspects of anesthesia, including surgical procedures, resuscitation measures, and the management of acute and chronic pain. physician is an anesthesiologist
Anesthesiology
130
Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the nervous system. Physician is a neurologist
Neurology
131
Branch of medicine concerned with treating conditions and diseases of the nervous system by surgical means. Physician is a neurosurgeon.
Neurosurgery
132
The nervous system _________ and ___________ the body functions
Coordinates and controls
133
The primary structures of the nervous system are the ______, ______ _____.
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
134
The nervous system recieves information from both ________ and __________ sensory receptors.
External and internal
135
The nervous system is divided into the ______ _______ ______(CNS) and the ______ _______ _____(PNS)
Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
136
The central nervous system(CNS) consists of the _____ and ______ _____
Brain and spinal cord
137
_________ __________ comes into the CNS for processing
Sensory information
138
_________ _________ exit the CNS with commands for muscles and glands
Motor messages
139
The peripheral nervous system(PNS) consists of ________ nerves and ________ nerves
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
140
Sensory nerves carry messages _____ the CNS
Into
141
Motor nerves carry commands _______ from the CNS
Away
142
2 types of nervous cells: _____ and _______
Neurons and neuroglia
143
Neurons have 3 basic parts: _______, ______ _____ _______, and ______
Dendrites, nerve cell body, and axon
144
Highly branched projections that receive impulses
Dendrites
145
Contains the nucleus and other organelles of the cell
Nerve cell body
146
The projection from the cell body that conducts the impulse toward its destination
Axon
147
The axon of one neuron meets a dendrite of the next neuron at the ________
Synapse
148
A gap called the ________ ___ exists between the 2 neurons
Synaptic cleft
149
T or F: Electrical impulses cannot directly pass the synaptic cleft
True!
150
A chemical ___________ released by the axon carries impulses across
Neurotransmitter
151
Neuroglia produce the fatty substance ______
Myelin
152
Myelin serves as _________ for the axon and allows the axon to conduct the impulses faster
Insulation
153
T or F: Neuroglia do not conduct electrical impulses
True!
154
The central nervous system(CNS) is a combination of the ______ and _______ _____
Brain and spinal cord
155
The central nervous system(CNS) ______ impulses, _______the information, and _______ with an action.
Receives, processes, and responds
156
Central nervous system is made up of 2 types of matter:
Gray matter and white matter
157
A type of matter which is unsheathed cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
158
A type of matter which is myelinated nerve fibers
White matter
159
The brain is divided into 4 sections:
Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem
160
The largest section and the upper portion of the brain
Cerebrum
161
This processes thought, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language
Cerebrum
162
The outer layer of the brain is made of folds of gray matter. What is this part called?
Cerebral cortex
163
Elevated portions of the brain are called?
Gyri
164
Fissures between gyri are called?
Sulci
165
Anterior and control motor function, personality, and speech
Frontal lobe
166
Superior and interpret nerve impulses and language
Parietal lobe
167
Posterior and control vision
Occipital lobe
168
Lateral and control hearing and smell
Temporal lobe
169
Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
170
This is made of gray matter, relays impulses to eyes/ears/skin to cerebrum, and controls pain perception
Thalamus
171
What is located below the thalamus?
Hypothalamus
172
Controls temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotion
Hypothalamus
173
Controls the autonomic nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
174
The second largest portion of the brain
Cerebellum
175
Located beneath the posterior part of the brain
Cerebellum
176
Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium
Cerebellum
177
Refines muscular movements initiated in the cerebrum
Cerebellum
178
A pathway for impulses between the brain and spinal cord
Midbrain
179
Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
Pons
180
Medulla Oblongata connects the _____ to the ________ _____
Brain to the spinal cord
181
It control centers for respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure
Medulla oblongata
182
The site where nerve tracts cross from one side of the brain to the other side of the body
Medulla oblongata
183
There are 4 ventricles in the brain. There is one ventricle in each ________, one in the _________, and one in front of the ___________
Hemisphere, thalamus, cerebellum
184
The ventricles contain a clear fluid called ____________ ______(CSF)
Cerebrospinal fluid
185
The cerebrospinal fluid(CFS) provides _______ and ________ ___________ to the brain and spinal cord
Shock and motion protection
186
The ______ ____ is a pathway for impulses traveling to and from the brain
Spinal cord
187
The spinal cord is a column of ________ ________ extending from the medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra
Nervous tissue
188
The spinal cord is within the __________ __________ in the spinal cavity
Vertebral column
189
Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) flows down the center of the spinal cord within the __________ _______
Central canal
190
The peripheral nervous system(PNS) includes ___ pairs of cranial nerves
12
191
The peripheral nervous system(PNS) includes ___ pairs of spinal nerves
31
192
Arise from brain, typically the medulla oblongata
Cranial nerves
193
Split off of the spinal cord, with one pair of nerves between each pair of vertebrae
Spinal nerves
194
The point where a nerve is attached to the CNS
Nerve root
195
These are sensory neurons that carry information from a receptor to the CNS
Afferent neurons
196
These are motor neurons that carry information from the CNS to muscles or glands
Efferent neurons
197
The PNS is subdivided into the _______ ________ ______ (ANS) and the _________ ________
Autonomic nervous system and the somatic nerves
198
The ANS controls __________ or __________ body functions
Involuntary or unconscious
199
The ANS affects smooth muscle function in the _____ and ______
Viscera and vessels
200
The ANS increases and decreases activity of _________ _______ in the heart
Cardiac muscle
201
The ANS is divided into the ____________ and ____________ branches
Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
202
This branch is known as the "fight or flight"
Sympathetic branch
203
The sympathetic branch is active in times of ______ and ______
Stress and crisis
204
This increases heart rate, dilate airways, increases blood pressure, inhibits digestion, and stimulates production of adrenaline
Sympathetic branch
205
The branch is known as "rest and digest"
Parasympathetic branch
206
This causes the heart rate to slow, lowers the blood pressure, and stimulates the return of digestion
Parasympathetic branch
207
The somatic nerves serve the ______ and _______ ______
Skin and skeletal muscles
208
Somatic nerves are mainly involved with ________ and ________ activities of the body
Conscious and voluntary
209
The sensory receptors of the dermis use somatic nerves to send information about _______, __________, ______, and ______ to the brain
Touch, temperature, pressure, and pain
210
This carries motor commands to skeletal muscles
Somatic nerves
211
Mental health disorders are defined as ________ __________ and lack of _____-__________
Impaired judgment and lack of self-control
212
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition is shortened with
DSM-5
213
Inappropriate coping mechanisms
Neuroses
214
Extreme distortions of reality and disorganized thinking
Psychoses
215
The study of human behaviour and though processes
Psychology
216
Behavior is divided into 2 categories:
Normal psychology and abnormal psychology
217
This includes how the personality develops, how people handle stress, and stages of mental development
Normal psychology
218
This studies behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the individual or society
Abnormal psychology
219
A specialist in evaluating and treating persons with mental or emotional disorders
Clinical psychologist
220
Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders
Psychiatry
221
Medical physician specializing in the care of patients with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
Psychiatrist
222
Dread in the absence of a clearly identifiable stress trigger
Generalized anxiety disorder
223
Intense apprehension of terror or a sense of impending danger
Panic disorder
224
Irrational fears
Phobias
225
Alternation between periods of deep depression and mania ; patients experience extreme emotions that may change rapidly
Bipolar disorder
226
Feelings of hoelessness, helpessness and worthlessness ; lack of pleasure in activities ; potential for suicide
Major depressive disorder
227
Extreme elation and hyperactivity ; talkativeness, impaired judgment, and distractibility ; grandiose delusions
Mania
228
Violent rages
Explosive disorder
229
Impulse to steal things
Kleptomania
230
Uncontrollable impulse to set fires
Pyromania
231
Loss of memory
Dissociative amnesia
232
Having 2 or more distinct personalities
Dissociative identity disorder
233
Voiding feces in inappropriate places after toilet training
Encopresis
234
Voiding urine in inappropriate places after toilet training
Enuresis
235
Distorted body image, pathological fear of being fat, and severe weight loss due to excessive dieting
Anorexia nervosa
236
Binge eating followed by intentional vomiting
Bulimia
237
Identifying as a gender contrary to the birth gender ; may be male to female or female to male
Gender dysphoria
238
Degenerative brain disorder with gradual loss of cognitive abilities
Alzheimers disease(AD)
239
Progressive confusion and disorientation
Dementia
240
Inattention and impulsive behavior
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
241
Deficits in social interaction and communication skills ; restricted patterns of behavior
Autism spectrum disorder
242
Below-average intellectual functioning
Intellectual development disorder
243
Performing repetitive rituals to reduce anxiety from persistent thoughts, ideas, or impulses
Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)
244
Sexual interest in children
Pedophilic disorder
245
Sexual gratification derived frm being hurt or abused
Sexual masochism disorder
246
Sexual gratification derived from observing others engaged in sexual acts
Voyeuristic disorder
247
Behaviors that are against legal or social norms
Antisocial personality disorder
248
Abnormal sense of self-importance
Narcissistic personality disorder
249
Exaggerated feelings of persecution
Paranoid personality disorder
250
False beliefs held in the face of contrary evidence
Delusional disorder
251
Perceptions of things that are not there
Hallucinations
252
Condition of the inability to sleep
Insomnia disorder
253
Recurring episodes of sleeping during daytime ; difficulty sleeping at night
Narcolepsy
254
Inability to stop gambling
Gambling disorder
255
Overindulgence in or dependence on chemical substances including alcohol, illegal drugs, and prescription drugs
Substance use disorder
256
Impaired social interactions and capacity to work as a result of exposure to actual or implied death, serious injury, or sexual violence
Post-traumatic stress disorder
257
Placement of electrodes on the sides of the head to conduct a mild electric shock ; causes a convulsive seizure ; patient is anesthetized and administered muscle relaxants
Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)
258
Stimulants that alter mood by affecting levels of neurotransmitters ; nonaddictive but may have unpleasant side effects
Antipsychotic drugs
259
Special category of drug to calm patients with bipolar disorder
Lithium
260
CNS depressants used for anxiety
Minor tranquilizers
