Unit 12 Terms - Chordata Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 12 Terms - Chordata Deck (21)
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1
Q

Five KEY characteristics of chordates

A
  • notocord
  • dorsal tubular nerve cord
  • pharyngeal pouches or slits
  • endostyle or thyroid gland
  • postanal tail
2
Q

Five KEY characteristics of chordates

A
  • notochord
  • dorsal tubular nerve cord
  • pharyngeal pouches or slits
  • endostyle or thyroid gland
  • postanal tail
3
Q

Notochord

A
  • means back cord
  • rodlike, simirigid hydrostatic organ
  • stiffens the body, provides internal support
4
Q

Dorsal tubular nerve cord

A
  • dorsal to the digestive tract, hollow, only one

- back side of the body

5
Q

Pharyngeal pouches or slits

A
  • may form gills or other structures
  • always occur, but may only be during one part of development
  • do not always function for respiration
6
Q

Endostyle or thyroid gland

A
  • both located under the pharnyx
  • both have cells that produce a hormone
  • endostyle: produces mucus
  • thyroid gland: does not produce mucus
7
Q

Postanal tail

A
  • tail that extends beyond the anus, muscular tail

- always occurs, but may only be during one part of development

8
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A
  • means tail-chordates, commonly called tunicates
  • 3,000 species
  • sessile
  • has a usually touch non living tunic
9
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata

A
  • means head-chord, commonly called lancelets or amphioxus (both ends, sharp)
  • 32 species
10
Q

Heterocercal tail

A

two parts, not even

11
Q

Different types of scales

A
  • placoid
  • ganoid
  • cycloid
  • ctenoid
12
Q

Compare and contrast hagfishes and lampreys

A
  • unique to hagfish:
    *make a lot of slime, literally impossible to hold onto
    (defense mechanism)
    *scavengers (find dead animals and will feed)
    *latch with mouth and with make a knot and use it to tear
    food off
    *only marine
    *no larval stages
  • unique to lamreys:
  • parasitic as adults
  • some adults do not feed, will reproduce and die
  • freshwater and marine, some may go back and forth
  • external fertilization
  • have a dorsal fin
13
Q

Characteristics of chondrichthyes

A
  • about 1,000 species
  • named for their chonologanis skeleton
  • if they have scales, they are placoid scales
  • when we look at their codal fin, they have a heterocircle tail
  • internal fertilization
14
Q

Characteristics of Actinopterygii

A
  • ray finned fishes
  • largest group of any chordate
  • 31,000 species, but more species are found every year
  • most are homocercal, but some are heterocercal
  • fins are supported by bony rays
  • bony skeleton
  • either have oviparous or viviparous
  • have a swim bladder, used for buoyancy, some use it as a lung
  • operculum
  • one circuit of blood circulation
15
Q

Characteristics of Sarcopterygii

A
  • lobe finned fishes
  • part of their fins are muscular
  • two circuits of blood circulation
  • example: lung fish
  • ## have a swim bladder
16
Q

Placoid scales

A

small, hooked like structure, almost tooth-like, spaced out

17
Q

Ganoid scales

A

diamond shaped, very thick and bony

18
Q

Cycloid scales

A

circular pattern, smooth margin, overlap neighboring scales

19
Q

Musculoskeletal Modifications

A
  • notochord
  • centrum of vertebra
  • neural spine
20
Q

Physiology

A
  • pharyngeal slits
  • dorsal aorta
  • muscularized gut
  • chambered heart
  • ventral aorta
  • aortic arches
21
Q

Head, brain, and sensory systems

A
  • olfactory bulb
  • brain
  • eye
  • otic vesicle
  • neural arch
  • spinal cord