Unit 15: What Is the Healthiest Diet?

Question 1

describe the key features of a diet that offers maximal protection against chronic diseases of lifestyle.

Answer 1

A diet offering maximal protection against chronic lifestyle diseases:

• Rich in fruits and vegetables
• High in whole grains
• Includes lean protein sources (fish, legumes)
• Low in saturated and trans fats
• Limited added sugars and salt
• Emphasizes healthy fats (nuts, seeds, olive oil)
• Balanced and varied, promoting nutrient intake
• Adequate hydration
• Moderation in alcohol consumption (if at all)
• Supports weight management and physical activity.

Question 2

identify the major problem areas commonly observed in the diets of Canadians.

Answer 2

• Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake
• High consumption of processed and sugary foods
• Excess sodium intake from processed foods
• Limited consumption of whole grains and lean proteins
• Inadequate omega-3 fatty acids (from fish sources)
• Low vitamin D intake, particularly in winter months.

Question 3

discuss the role of non-dietary lifestyle choices in causing or reducing risk of chronic diseases.

Answer 3

• Physical Activity: Reduces risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and improves mental health.
• Tobacco Use: Major cause of cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues. Quitting lowers risks.
• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking increases disease risks. Moderate consumption or abstaining is recommended.
• Stress Management: Chronic stress links to various diseases. Effective stress management improves overall health.
• Adequate Sleep: Poor sleep increases chronic disease risk. Quality sleep supports immune function and mental well-being.

Question 4

identify the benefits of a population approach to healthy eating vs. a high-risk approach.

Answer 4

Population Approach to Healthy Eating:

• Promotes overall health of entire population
• Prevents widespread chronic diseases
• Encourages healthier food environments
• Addresses systemic health disparities

High-Risk Approach:

• Focuses on individuals at elevated disease risk
• Targets specific interventions for those already affected
• Offers personalized care and support
• May be more resource-intensive and reactive.

Question 5

discuss how diets can be adapted to reduce harmful effects on the environment.

Answer 5

• Plant-Based Focus: Increase plant foods, reduce animal products.
• Local and Seasonal: Choose locally produced, seasonal foods.
• Minimize Food Waste: Plan meals, use leftovers, compost.
• Sustainable Sourcing: Select sustainably harvested seafood.
• Reduce Packaging: Opt for less-packaged options.
• Mindful Consumption: Consume in moderation, reduce overeating.
• Support Sustainable Agriculture: Choose organic, regenerative farming practices.