Unit 1.6 Mutations Flashcards
What are mutations?
Changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised
What are the different types of single gene mutation?
-Substitution
-insertion
-deletion
What is a Missense mutation?
Mutations that come as a result of a change of one amino acid for another, possibly resulting in a non-functional protein being produced or could have little side effects to the protein
What is a Nonsense mutation?
A mutation that is a result of a premature stop codon which results in the protein being produced being shorter than intended
What is a splice site mutation?
Splice site mutations result in some introns being retained and some some exons not being included in the mature mRNA transcript causing a change in shape and function of protein produced
What is a frame shift mutation?
A mutation that causes all of the codons and all of the amino acids after the mutation to be changed this has a major effect on the shape and function of the protein produced and are caused by insertion or deletion mutations
What are the different types of chromosome structure mutations?
- Deletion
-Inversion
-Translocation
-Duplication
What happens in a deletion mutation?
A section of a chromosome is removed
What happens in a Inversion mutation?
A section of the chromosome is reversed
What happens in a translocation mutation?
Where a section of a chromosome is added to a chromosome that is not its homologous partner
What is a duplication mutation?
A mutation where a section of a chromosome is added from its homologous partner
Which one of the chromosome structure mutations could provide benefit to an organism?
Duplication, as it allows for the duplicated gene to possess some beneficial mutations however the original gene can still be expressed to produce required proteins should the duplicated region contain some disadvantageous mutation
