Unit 1E-G

Question 1

what is biodiversity?

Answer 1

the amount of different species living in an area

Question 2

what are 2 major components of biodiversity?

Answer 2

richness- the amount of different species found
evenness- population distribution of each species found

Question 3

why is less diversity bad?

Answer 3

little genetic diversity leading to inbreeding.

Question 4

what is ecological tolerance?

Answer 4

range of conditions an organism can endure before injury/death

Question 5

what is optimal range?

Answer 5

best place to survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 6

what are zones of physiological stress?

Answer 6

signs of declining death begin (infertility, lack of growth, decreased captivity)

Question 7

what are zone of intolerance?

Answer 7

organism will die from thermal shock, suffocation, lack of food, H2O or O2

Question 8

what is island biography?

Answer 8

study of relationships and distribution of species and islands.

Question 9

what kind of islands support more total species and diversity?

Answer 9

larger islands

Question 10

what island supports more species and diversity?

Answer 10

closer island (mainland)

Question 11

why do closer islands support species and diversity?

Answer 11

short distance or travel makes easier to colonize

Question 12

why do islands tend to have species with “specialist’s” niche?

Answer 12

due to small size and limited resources

Question 13

what happens in step one of natural selection?

Answer 13

original produces excess offspring and varies in GENETIC TRAITS due to random mutulations and sexual reproduction

Question 14

what is step 2 of natural selection?

Answer 14

selective pressure ensure not all can survive. those with beneficial traits ADAPTION will survive

Question 15

what is step 3 to natural selection?

Answer 15

more fit organisms survive and reproduce resulting in changed population over time

Question 16

what is speciation?

Answer 16

gradual change leading to long term formation of new species

Question 17

what is support?

Answer 17

pollination
plants filter air and water

Question 18

what is cultural?

Answer 18

aesthetic
spiritual and educational

Question 19

what is regulating?

Answer 19

photosynthesis and disease protection
reduce erosion and storm damage

Question 20

what is provisional?

Answer 20

goods and resources
foods and crops
medicines

Question 21

what is intrinsic value?

Answer 21

ethnical argument
right to exist
human stewards to earth

Question 22

what does ICUN mean?

Answer 22

international union for conservation of nature

Question 23

what is the S in SLOSS mean?

Answer 23

small- large reserve

Question 24

what is proximity ?

Answer 24

one large, close together, shared habitat

Question 25

what are corridors?

Answer 25

land connecting two areas together

Question 26

what is a shape?

Answer 26

round

Question 27

where does edge effect occur?

Answer 27

eco tone

Question 28

when do area of conservation increase?

Answer 28

latitude is closer to equator, ecosystem is older, habitat is larger, other communities are closer

Question 29

what is Simpsons diversity index?

Answer 29

=1-£ (n/N)^2

Question 30

what is in area based (in-stu)

Answer 30

conservation area, parks, habitat restoration

Question 31

what is in species based (ex-situ)

Answer 31

zoos/aquariums, botanical gardens, seed banks

Question 32

what’s causes disruption of ecosystem to happen naturally?

Answer 32

tornado, hurricane, asteroids, fires, drought

Question 33

what is periodic time frame?

Answer 33

regular frequency

Question 34

what is an example of periodic frequency?

Answer 34

dry wet seasons

Question 35

what is episodic frequency?

Answer 35

occasional and irregular frequency

Question 36

what is an example of episodic frequency?

Answer 36

hurricane, drought and fire

Question 37

what is random frequency?

Answer 37

no regular frequency

Question 38

what is an example of random frequency?

Answer 38

volcanoes, earthquakes, and asteroids

Question 39

what is ecological succession?

Answer 39

change in the composition of species in an ecosystem over time

Question 40

what are pioneer organisms?

Answer 40

first species that begin to populate an area

Question 41

what are pioneer organisms characterized by?

Answer 41

tolerance intense sunlight, survive low nutrients, make many small seeds, matures quickly, small in size ex: algae, lichens, and mosses

Question 42

what is primary succession?

Answer 42

begins with exposed rock

Question 43

what does primary succession come from?

Answer 43

volcanic eruptions and retreating glaciers

Question 44

what is secondary succession?

Answer 44

begins with soil from previous ecosystem that has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed

Question 45

what is an example of secondary succession?

Answer 45

abandoned land, fires, storms, disasters, deforestation, disease, and pests

Question 46

how long does primary succession take?

Answer 46

thousands of years

Question 47

how long does secondary succession take?

Answer 47

hundreds of years

Question 48

how long does aquatic succession take?

Answer 48

tens and hundreds of years

Question 49

what are the early stages of pioneer community?

Answer 49

gross productivity= low few producers net productivity= high No consumers doing respiration - no taxes to take away

Question 50

what are later stages- climax community?

Answer 50

nutrients in soil decrease gross productivity is high - many producers net productivity= low - many consumers all doing respiration= a very large amount of taxes