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IT UNIT 2 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the categories of Information Holders

A 
Business
Charity
Education
Government 
Healthcare services 
Individuals
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2
Q

What type of information would a business hold

A

Employee related information

  • Date of birth
  • Address
  • Financial Information such as salary of employee

Business related information

  • profit and loss
  • competitor information
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3
Q

What type of information would the government hold

A

Information about citizens

  • Births and deaths
  • Tax payments
  • Financial earnings
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4
Q

What type of information would an individual hold

A

Information about themselves in their brain or in a computer

  • Their name
  • Their address
  • Username and passwords
  • Date of birth
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5
Q

What type of information would educations hold

A

Information about past and current students and staff

  • Address
  • Attendance
  • Exam history
  • Parents contact details
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6
Q

What type of information would healthcare services hold

A
  • Medical history of each civilian in the country
  • Address of patients
  • Contact details of Patients
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7
Q

What is Digital Divide

A

Digital divide is the gap between people who have and do not have easy access to computers and networks

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8
Q

What is developing countries vs developed countries

A

Developing countries have

  • Unstable governments
  • Slower internet access
  • Less money spent on technology

Developed countries have

  • More developed technology
  • More funding for infrastructure such as high cabling speeds
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9
Q

What is Urban vs Rural

A

Urban Locations such as towns and cities have a higher population density therefore, councils and IT companies will spent a lot of money on the internets infrastructure such as installing high cabling speeds

Rural locations have a more sparse and settlements may be more further apart so internet access is poorer and broadband speeds will be slower and it will be harder to access information

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10
Q

Name all the storage media types

A

Magnetic Storage
Optical Storage
Paper Storage
Solid State Storage

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11
Q

What is Magnetic storage

A

3 Types of magnetic storage
Magnetic hard disk drive is the most common form of secondary, a read or write head moves above the disk platter and uses a magnetic field to read or edit data.

Floppy disk is another magnetic storage which is no longer used as it has been replaced by solid state drives.

Magnetic tape is the final type of magnetic storage , it has a high storage capacity however, data must be accessed in order therfore only companies use this to back up large amounts of data

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12
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Magnetic Storage

A

Ad
- Large Storage capacity
- cheaper per gigabyte than solid state drive
dis
- Slower access speed compared to solid state drive

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13
Q

What is optical storage

A

Optical storage uses lazer to project beams of light onto a spinning disc, allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD or Blu- Ray

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14
Q

Ads and Dis of Optical Storage

A

Ads
- Discs are portable

Dis

  • Not durable as they can break or scratch very easily
  • Low capacity
  • Slowest Access Speed
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15
Q

What is Paper storage

A

Paper Storage is hand written Notes or printed documents, forms or maps

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16
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of paper storage

A

DisAdvantages

  • Low Capacity as Paper can only hold a certain amount of information
  • Takes Up physical space
  • Not durable as paper can tear easily

Advantages
- Portability

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17
Q

What is solid state storage

A

In solid state storage there are no moving parts USB and memory cards are most common examples of this

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18
Q

Ads and dis of solid state storage

A

Ad

  • larger storage capacity
  • Fastest access speed
  • Portable

Dis

  • Usb can break or snap
  • more expensive per gigabyte compared to magnetic storage
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19
Q

Name all access storage devices

A

Handheld Devices
Portable devices
Shared devices
Fixed devices

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20
Q

What is Handheld Devices

A

Handheld devices are small light weight and possibly can be worn on the human body and very portable however, due to their small size it limits the processing power or high memory capacity . mobile phones and smart watches are examples of handheld devices

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21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of H and held devices

A

Ad

  • Portable
  • Lightweight
  • Runs on battery power so is not reliant on any power source which allows portability

dis

  • Low processing power due to small size
  • Battery power may not last long
  • More likely to be stolen or damaged
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22
Q

What is Portable devices

A

Portable devices are more larger and powerful than hand held devices and can easily be carried in a bag. laptops and large tablets are examples of portable devices

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23
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of portable devices

A

Ad

  • Portable
  • Relies on battery power not any power source so allows portability
  • more powerful than handheld devices

dis

  • Lower processing power than fixed device
  • Relies on battery power which may not last long
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24
Q

What is a shared device

A

shared device allows multiple users to access data at the same time. cloud storage is the most common example of shared device and is used by individuals schools and businesses such as google drive and Microsoft one drive

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25
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Shared devices

A

Ad

  • Allows remote access
  • Multiple users can access

Dis

  • Relies on a stable network connection
  • requires technical knowledge
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26
Q

What is a fixed device

A

Fixed devices are big devices which require a constant power connection. The most common example of a fixed device is a desktop computer.

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27
Q

Advantages and disadvantage of fixed devices

A

advantages

  • highest processing power
  • large storage capacity

dis

  • Relies on a power outlet so no portability
  • heavy to move
  • expensive than handheld and portable devices
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28
Q

Name the type of internet connections

A

Copper cable

fibre optic cables

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29
Q

What is Fibre Optic cables

A

Fibre optic cables uses signals transmitted as waves of light through a glass tube, fibre optic cables are much faster and have a higher bandwith meaning it can transfer more data in one go compared to copper cable however, they are more expensive and more fragile

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30
Q

What is Copper Cable

A

copper cables are a more cheaper type of wired internet connection and is more likely to suffer from network distortion and have lower bandwith however, they are much more stronger and durable than fibre optic cables.

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31
Q

Name wireless connection types

A

Bluetooth
Mobile network
Microwave
Satelite

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32
Q

what is bluetooth

A

short range communication

distance of upto 10 meteres between devices

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33
Q

what is microwave

A

radio signals across a large are via microwave towers
can transmit large amounts of data if towers are facing each other with no obstruction
can be affected by bad weather so more chance of network distortion

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34
Q

what is satellite

A

Satellite connection uses A point to multipoint connection by using satelites above the earths atmosphere which recieves a tranmsissons and rebroadcasts it back to earth

however due to distance of communication device and the satelite there is a delay of data being transmitted and being received

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35
Q

what is mobile network

A

technology allowing mobile phones to connect to a network allowing calls and messages. mobile technology advances generation by generation by becoming more faster and more secure for example 3g, 4g and 5g as each generation progresses

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36
Q

name the connection characteristics

A 
Strength
Range
Latency 
Bandwith
Storage capacity
Contention
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37
Q

Name the WWW technologies

A

Internet
Intranet
Extranet

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38
Q

What is internet

A

internet is a global network of interconnected connected networks

the internet is public and users have open access

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39
Q

what is intranet

A

Intranet is a private network that is only accessible to authorized users eg members of a school or business

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40
Q

what is extranet

A

Extranet is a private network that is accessible via the internet but only provides access to authorized users

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41
Q

Network Characteristics

A

Speed
Security
Access Levels
Availability

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42
Q

Name the information formats

A 
Webpages
Rss Feed
Podcast
 streamed audio and video
Blogs
Emails
Social media
Document stores
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43
Q

What is a webpage

A

web pages can be used for various reasons such advertising products, displaying images, and online shopping

there are two types of webpages static and dynamic
Dynamic webpages are generated when loaded and can appear different for each user
they are harder to code but they show more personalized content for example amazon webpage shows more perosnalized deals based on the users history

Static webpages contain pre built content and remains the same everytime the page is reloaded, static webpages are cheaper and easier to create

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44
Q

What is Blogs

A

Blogs are used to share information by induviduals such as hobbies and interests to people who have the same hobbies and interests, businesses also use blogs as a way to update their customer base

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45
Q

Ads and dis of blogs

A

ads
can unite people with similar interests
can share information to followers in format of texts and images

dis
Can be time consuming to create posts and followers can lose interest if blogs arent posted regularly

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46
Q

What is Podcast

A

a downloadble audio file usually on certain topics and can be listened to when convenient for the user

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47
Q

Ads an dis of podcast

A

AD
can be listened to whenever
are not usually recorded live so can be edited and uploaded any time of the week

dis
Takes time to record and edit a podcast
hard to build an audience base

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48
Q

What is streamed audio and video

A

process of receiving video or audio data in a continious flow, this allows the user to access the stream immediately

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49
Q

ads and dis of streamed audio and video

A

ad
streaming does not require data to be downloaded so users can access the stream as soon as it starts

Dis
Requires stable network connection
requires high bandwith so may be slow to watch on slower devices and network

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50
Q

what is social media channels

A

provide huge amounts of data in an informal format

orgnisations can recieve feedback through user posts, comments and likes to gain insights into user opinions

51
Q

Ads and dis of social media

A

ADS
can increase a businesses online presence as it is online 24/7 for users to interact with posts
used for diriect communication such as facebook messeanger

dis
Negative posts can cause bad reputation for the business

may need to hire a social media manager to manage all social media interactions

52
Q

What is emails

A

used to provide information to large amounts of people almost instantly.

53
Q

advantages and dis of emails

A

ad

  • Can send to multiple people in one go
  • free
  • can send text and files

dis

  • viruses can be spread through files
  • No guarantee the person will read the email
  • requires internet connection
54
Q

what is document stores

A

allows users to store their files online on a cloud storage such as google drive and microsofts one drive. storing files in cloud means you can access it from anywhere if you have a stable internet connection

55
Q

What is RSS feeds

A

allows users to subscribe to updates from their favourite website

56
Q

Advantages and dis of interent for induviduals

A

ad
24/7 access to services such as online banking
easy access to information

dis
cyber bullying
spreading of wrong information

57
Q

ad and dis of internet for organisations

A

ad
easy internal communication
Access 24/7 to online services such as accepting payments

dis
cost of maintaing services

58
Q

Name the information styles

A 
Text
Graphics
Subtitles
Boolean
Audio
Charts and graphs
Tables and spreadsheets
Graphics
Animated graphics
Numerical
Tactile Images 
Braille
59
Q

What is text

A

a written type of format of information

60
Q

ad and dis of text

A

ad
text can be written in different languages so different people can understand

dis
Text can be time consuming if it is a large amount
text may be incorrect factually and contain spelling errors

61
Q

what is graphics

A

a visual format of information such as logos

62
Q

ad and dis of graphics

A

ad
graphics are more engaging then text

dis
Graphics may take long too load

63
Q

What is video

A

visual format of information often with audio

64
Q

ad and dis of video

A

ad
more engaging and easier to understand than larger amounts of text

dis
videos take time to create and publish as it requires editing

65
Q

What is numerical

A

numerical information is represented by numbers

numbers can be a wide array of different info such as statistics, date, date and financial information

66
Q

ad and dis of numerical

A

ad
numerical data is easier to understand than standard text for example 230,000 is easier to understand than two hundred and thirty thousand

dis
long numbers can be entered by humans incorrectly which can lead to inaccurate results

67
Q

what is audio

A

information type using sound waves, a common form of audio is music, non music types are spoken instructions

68
Q

ad and dis of audio

A

ad
visually impaired users can hear and still gain access to the same information
dis
audio may not be suitable in certain enviroments
words may be misheard which leads to inaccurate info

69
Q

what is tactile images

A

form of physical info that can be interpreted by touch

70
Q

ad and dis of tactile images

A

ad
visually impaired people can feel the object instead of seeing it
dis
requires specialist equipment like a 3d printer

71
Q

What is subtitles

A

textual form of information that is showed alongside video transcripting speech into text

72
Q

ad and dis of subtitles

A

Ad
people who have difficulty hearing can understand the speech from the subtitles

dis
auto generated subtitles are often incorrect

73
Q

what is boolean

A

data type that can only have one of two answers such as yes and no or true and false

74
Q

what is tables and spreadsheets

A

store both numerical and textual data ready for analysis

75
Q

what is charts and graph

A

used to present numerical data in a format that is easy to visualize, they can be labeled to represent different data values

76
Q

ad and dis of charts n graphs

A

ad
can help identify patterns and trends

dis
can be wrong is numerical data is incorrect

77
Q

Name the information classfications

A 
Sensitive
Non sensitive 
Public
Confidential
private
business
personal
classified
anonymous
78
Q

what is sensitive

A

information that should be protected from being publicly released as it can harm the safety or privacy of an induvidual or orgnaisation

examples include medical data and financial data

79
Q

what is non sensitive

A

information that can be publicly released without any fear of consequence

examples include store address, pricing of products

80
Q

what is private information

A

relates to an induvidual and should not be shared with anyone else without the data subjects permission

examples include online banking, home address

81
Q

what is public information

A

released to the public and can be seen by anyone is also non sensitive

examples include social media usernames, public business info such as business address

82
Q

what is personal information

A

data about a specific individual examples include full name, gender and data of birth

83
Q

what is business information

A

any data related to a business this info can be both public and private

examples include annual sales figures, address of head quarters, employee details

84
Q

what is confidential information

A

private data that is more restricted than sensitive information, with access only limited to those who need it

examples include trade secrets, business profit/loss

85
Q

what is classified information

A

highly sensitive information stored by a government institution , requiring the highest levels of restricted access, access is usually restricted by the law and there are 3 types of classified information official, secret and top secret

86
Q

what is anonymised information

A

removes personal identifable information so that an induvidual can not be identifed
there are two types partially anoymised and completly annoymised

87
Q

Name the information characteristics

A 
Valid
Biased
Reliable
Relevant 
Accurate
88
Q

what is valid information

A

correct up to date and is fit for its purpose

89
Q

what is biased information

A

slanted info that presents a one sided view for example a financial report that only focuses on profits not loss

90
Q

what is reliable information

A

information from a source that can be verified as correct

91
Q

what is relevant information

A

information that should be appropriate for the required purpose

92
Q

what is accurate information

A

information should be carefully selected and entirely correct as inaccurate information could lead to unwanted consequences

93
Q

what is good quality information

A

information that is valid and is reliable and relvevant and can lead to improved decisions

94
Q

what is poor quality information

A

information that is biased, inaccurate and not relevant which may lead to negative impacts such as loss of customer trust.

95
Q

what are the positve impacts of good info

A

relaible info can lead to improved decision making

good quality research can lead to better understanding

96
Q

what are the negative impacts of poor info

A

biased surveys can lead to misinformed decisons

inaccurate stock info can lead to inaccurate delivery times and unhappy customer

97
Q

what is MIS

A

Management information system is used to collect store analyse and present data for an organization.
the system processes large amounts of data and organises it so it can be used for decision making

98
Q

advantages and dis of MIS

A

AD
with the correct data it can lead to improved decision making for a business
backup capabilities incase of disaster

Dis
expensive to install
employees require training

99
Q

stages in managing information

A 
Collect
Store
Retrieval 
manipulate and process
analyse
100
Q

what does data mean

A

Data is unprocessed facts that have no context

101
Q

what does information mean

A

data that is processed and has meaningful context

102
Q

Categories of information for induviduals

A 
Planning
education
entertainment
research
location dependent
communication 
financial
103
Q

Categories of information for organizations

A 
MIS
Knowledge management and creation
Decision making
contact management
Big Data
Internal external communication 
marketing promotion sales
financial anaylsis modeling
104
Q

Stages of data analysis

A 
Identify the need
define the scope
identify potential sources
source and select info
select most appropriate 
process and analyse data
record and store info
share results
105
Q

data analysis tools

A 
Data tables
Visulisation of data
Trend and pattern identification
data cleaning
gis location mapping
106
Q

what is open information system

A

where system can interact with other information systems to exchange data

due to the system being open risk of data or loss or hacking is high

107
Q

What is a closed system

A

this sytem is private and cannot exchange data with other systems

access is limited but information is kept more secure than an open system

108
Q

What is data protection act

A

Data protection act protects the privacy of data of individuals that is stored on computers and processed by organisations, the six main principles of data protection are
data must be collected lawfully and processed fairly
Collected data must only be used for reasons specified
Data must be relevant and not excessive
Data must be accurate and up to date
Data must not be stored longer than required
Data must be processed and stored securely

109
Q

what is computer misuse act

A

Computer misuse act attempts to stop and punish those who use computers inappropriately. Breaking this act or the 3 principles could result in in fine and jail sentence if proved the act was committed on purpose. The 3 principles of computer misuse act are
unauthorised access to data
Unauthorised access to data that could be used for illegal activities
No unauthorised modification of data

110
Q

What is RIPA

A

Regulation of investigatory powers is RIPA is used to monitor and access online communications of suspected criminals. If criminal activity is suspected then the act allows the following powers
Internet service providers must provide access to the suspects online communications such as social media or email of the suspect.
Locked data may be accessed such as online messages
Internet service providers may install surveillance software to track online activity

111
Q

What is copy right, designs and patents act

A

this act makes it a criminal offence to copy work that is not yours without permission from the rightful owner such as images, text and videos

112
Q

what is greenn IT

A

To use computers and technology in an enviromentally friendly way to reduce a companies carbon footbprint

examples of green IT are
turn off computers when not in use
re cycle ink cateridges and paper
donate old equipment to charity for re use

113
Q

why use green IT

A

reudces enegry costs

improving public image

114
Q

name sources of information

A

internal

external

115
Q

name data types

A

primary
secondary
qualitative
quantitative

116
Q

draw external entity

A

check csnewbs for answer

117
Q

draw data store

A

csnewbs

118
Q

draw process

A

csnwebs

119
Q

draw data flow

A

csnewbs

120
Q

what is a level 0 data flow diagram

A

shows the flow of data in a more simple manner

121
Q

what is data flow diagram

A

dfd is a visual representation of how data is transferred within an organization

122
Q

what is level 1 dfd

A

shows the flow of data in a more detailed manner and proccesses are shown seperatly

123
Q

what are the 4 rules for drawing a level 1 dfd

A

data flows only in one direction
every data flow connects to at least one process
every data flow is labelled with the data itself
one input or output for each external entity

124
Q

what impacts affect the flow of information

A

incorrect information
human error
communication breakdown
hardware failure

IT UNIT 2 (1 decks)

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